Abstract: This study investigates the major environmental and socio-economic impacts of an increase in the area of rubber plantations and the changing patterns of drivers of land use changes by combining geospatial technologies and socio-economic methods. Using a combination of geospatial...

All colonial powers granted concessions to private companies to extract natural resources during the colonial era. Within Africa, these concessions were characterized by indirect rule and violence. We use the arbitrarily defined borders of rubber concessions granted in the north of the Congo...

The Indian Rubber Plantation sector dominated by smallholdings, accounts for almost 87% of the production. The preponderance of the small and marginal growers makes the sector vulnerable to fluctuations in price. Also they experience difficulty in gaining access to technology and information. In...

Die Dynamik im Handel ist untrennbar von dem Einfluss der Politik, der Preise und der Rolle der Händler selbst. Obwohl sich die Handelspolitik exportierenden und importierenden Länder unterscheiden kann, im Allgemeinen wird der inländische Handelssektor unterstützt, was problematisch für...

Production of natural rubber plays a most important role in the economic development of Tripura. The state is the second-largest contributor to the total production of natural rubber in India. Over the last two decades, there is a shift in cropping pattern towards the production of natural...

All colonial powers granted concessions to private companies to extract natural resources during the colonial era. Within Africa, these concessions were characterized by indirect rule and violence. We use the arbitrarily defined borders of rubber concessions granted in the north of the Congo...

The demand of the rubber woods and rubber latex certified by FSC is increasing in the international market day by day. However, in Thailand, a limited number of rubber farms are following the standards of FSC in rubber plantation. Moreover, majority of the rubber farmers still do not recognize...

The study was taken up in Baripada and Kaptipada blocks of Mayurbhanj district in Odisha where the Rubber Board in association with the Government of Odisha have implemented Rubber Block Plantation Projects for the socio-economically marginalized scheduled tribes. Primary data was collected from...

The present study was taken up in Mayurbhanj district in Odisha where the Rubber Board, in association with the Government of Odisha, has implemented Rubber Block Plantation Projects for the socio-economically marginalized scheduled tribes. The study found that the average annual household...

Indian natural rubber (NR) plantation sector supports an industry that is vital to the nation's industrial and economic growth. Sustained extension efforts supported by focused research and development by the Rubber Board in the past more than 60 years helped establish a robust NR production...

In contrast to the trend of a generally increasing liberalization of markets, agriculture remains one of the most protected sectors. In globally distributed production networks the effects of sector specific policies may spill over to other sectors and other countries. While the effects of these...

The polemics encompassing development and environment conservation during the last two decades have failed to evolve a consensus on appropriate policy interventions in the specific regional,social and ecological contexts. The experience of the prescribed afforestation programmes in the denuded...

A combined scheme for the solution of the Cauchy equation of motion and the Phan-Thien/Tanner (P-T/T) constitutive equation is developed to solve the nonlinear problem of pressure and stress induced non-Newtonian flow, known as a (P,U,) system. We start with the solution of the Navier-Stokes...

A combined scheme for the solution of the Cauchy equation of motion and the Phan-Thien/Tanner (P-T/T) constitutive equation is developed to solve the nonlinear problem of pressure and stress induced non-Newtonian flow, known as a (P,U,t) system. We start with the solution of the Navier-Stokes...

Preface -- "America Should Produce Its Own Rubber" -- Reverse Passage -- Missionaries of Capital -- An American Protectorate? -- Contested Development -- Plantation Lives -- Cold War Concessions -- Epilogue.

As a result of recent political reforms, Myanmar has the opportunity to enact major policy changes to reinvigorate its agriculture sector. In this context, Myanmar's rubber sector has the potential to become an even greater source of export earnings and rural household incomes, but there are...

This paper provides the baseline data on Rubber Plantations in Tripura. The paper was conceived as the major content of the First Technical Bulletin of Tripura Rubber Mission. The history of growth of rubber plantations in the state has been traced. Moreover, the extent of plantations at the...

The present paper traces the genesis of Natural Rubber Plantation based rehabilitation of the landless shifting cultivators of Tripura. The paper makes a brief review of erstwhile efforts at resettlement and describes the economics of rubber plantation as available to the beneficiaries and...

Recent path-breaking research on the genome of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is presented in the context of challenges in the contemporary rubber industry: it is claimed that field production is "well below" theoretical yields and rubber breeding is "stagnating". I offer here some...

This paper provides a conceptual framework for the national rubber policy in India based on the inherited characteristics of the rubber sector and issues surfaced during the past two decades of trade policy reforms. Historically, the inherited interdependence observed between a vibrant NR...

I: Palm oil production creates negative externalities, e.g., through intensive fertiliser application. Policies to limit externalities need an effective, sustainable and efficient measure We use a business simulation game in a framed field experiment in Indonesia to test ex ante different...

This article compares the use of risk-increasing and risk-reducing production inputs with the experimentally measured risk attitudes of farmers. For this purpose, the Just-Pope production function indicates production inputs’ influence on output risk and a Holt-Laury lottery is used to measure...

The rapid expansion of the oil palm area in many tropical countries has raised concerns about its negative impact on local communities, food security, and on the environment. While the expansion of oil palm in early stages was mainly driven by large private and public companies, it is expected...

Soil conservation is one pivotal activity in Good Agricultural Practices. Thus, diffusing such activities among farming community is prudent. In spite of the fact that soil conservation choices are believed to be highly correlated in space, this aspect is seldom addressed in the literature. We...

Two remarkable events took place in the 1930s in Borneo: a myth spread among the tribal societies of the interior, warning them that the introduced Para rubber tree was hostile to their swidden rice; and the International Rubber Regulation Agreement was established, in an attempt to protect...

During last decade the Rising demand of natural rubber due to, steep rise in the price of synthetic rubber and reduced supply from some previously dominant countries have contributed to a sharp rising trend in the price of natural rubber. The price rise has naturally induced steps for increased...

This is a study of the role of Para rubber cultivation in a system of swidden agriculture in Indonesian Borneo. Such "smallholdings" produce most of Indonesia's rubber, which is the country's third largest generator of foreign exchange. Rubber integrates well into Bornean systems of swidden...

This is a study of the historic transition in Southeast Asia, in particular Borneo, from the exploitation of native forest rubbers to Para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis, Euphorbiaceae). During the second half of the nineteenth century, booming international markets subjected forest rubbers to more...

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations in the Text -- Introduction -- Part I. Red Earth, Gray Earth -- Chapter One. Civilizing Latex -- Part II. Forests without Birds -- Chapter Two. Cultivating Science -- Chapter Three. Managing Disease -- Chapter Four. Turning Tropical -- Part...