Climate change damages vary across countries, because of regional variation in climate metrics like temperature and regional variation in economic exposure. This is evident in the breakdown of the social cost of carbon: the country social cost of carbon (CSCC). While for the former a large...

The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) leads to higher electricity prices and thus higher costs for electricity-intensive industries in the EU, reducing their competitiveness compared to those in non-EU countries. This disparity may result in carbon leakage, where production shifts abroad,...

Companies across industries seek to assess the costs of complying with environmental regulations and meeting voluntary emission targets. This paper develops a carbon abatement cost model for firms operating a portfolio of assets with differing cost or load profiles. The resulting abatement cost...

Many emerging economies seek to lower carbon intensity while remaining heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This paper examines how sustainable finance, eco-innovation, and the energy mix shape Tunisia's low-carbon transition. We use quarterly data for 2000-2023 and an econometric...

• Emissionsverlagerung (Leakage) ist real, aber begrenzt: Studien zeigen, dass etwa 10-30 % der durch EU-Klimapolitik eingesparten Emissionen ins Ausland verlagert werden. Der Großteil der Emissionsreduktionen bleibt jedoch global wirksam, sodass die Politik insgesamt effektiv ist. • Kaum...

Städte können das Klima schützen, indem sie Bewohnerparken teurer machen, Schnellbuslinien einführen oder kostenloses Parken für Elektroautos ermöglichen. Im Auftrag des Verkehrsministeriums Baden-Württemberg hat das Fraunhofer ISI die Klimawirkungen verschiedener Maßnahmen für den...

Despite the strong commitment of European countries to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, the extent to which key policies and drivers jointly shape emissions dynamics remains insufficiently investigated. To fill this gap, the study investigates the combined effects of the circular economy,...

Climate change disproportionately threatens low- and middle-income countries, yet integrated assessments combining socio-economic fragility with physical hazards remain limited. This study quantifies multi-dimensional climate vulnerability and derives optimized adaptation policies for six...

There is broad agreement that the European Union's post-2030 climate policy architecture - the framework of rules to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - needs to be simpler and more flexible, with market actors less constrained in how they mitigate emissions. However, simplification should not...

This essay examines the rise of "Green Deals" as large-scale state-sponsored active industrial policies to accelerate a transition toward climate neutrality. Building on the concept of mission-oriented innovation policy (MOIP), it documents how environmental and active industrial policies have...

This paper reviews research across economics, political economy, political science, and public policy to investigate how institutions shape the adoption, implementation, and durability of climate policies. We examine how formal institutions (i) coordinate implementation capacity, (ii) anchor...

This paper examines the limits of corporate governance as a tool for advancing climate transition. While capital market mechanisms, shareholder stewardship, say-on-climate votes, and ESG-linked executive compensation are often presented as effective levers for greening corporate behavior, their...

This publication analyses the advantages and disadvantages of carbon credits compared to other financing instruments for protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems. Nine instruments are examined, including emission credits, biodiversity certificates, development cooperation, and blue bonds....

This study critically and constructively assesses how 'economic games' contribute to climate policy research via a pre-registered systematic scoping review of 165 sources. Researchers use economic games as empirical tools to measure cooperation while experimentally controlling the presence,...

This paper argues that current carbon accounting overlooks an important part of climate action: avoided emissions, or emissions that never occur because cleaner products, services, or decisions replace higher-carbon alternatives. While companies are increasingly developing solutions that reduce...

This paper studies the effectiveness of risk management, one of the two channels identified by the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS, 2024) as those through which the financial system contributes to physical risk adaptation in the European Union (EU). We assess the efficacy of...