Metal markets are an important but understudied aspect of the global energy transition. This paper demonstrates differential metal price responses to the Paris Agreement based on their role in the energy transition. We use a difference-in-differences design with daily price data from 2001 to...

This paper has explored heterogeneous individual valuations of an important amenity, climate mildness, using a traditional Rosen-Roback empirical framework. It does so by including interaction terms between the amenity and worker characteristics in an hedonic wage regression that also include a...

The Strategic Roadmap for Carbon Market and Climate Finance in the Forest Sector, tailored for each of the Congo Basin countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo), provides a comprehensive, country-specific...

The Strategic Roadmap for Carbon Market and Climate Finance in the Forest Sector, tailored for each of the Congo Basin countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo), provides a comprehensive, country-specific...

The Strategic Roadmap for Carbon Market and Climate Finance in the Forest Sector, tailored for each of the Congo Basin countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo), provides a comprehensive, country-specific...

This study “Assessment and support for the preparation and development of roadmaps on climate finance and carbon markets for the forests of the Congo Basin” has been carried out under the umbrella of the World Bank’s Advisory Support and Analytics (ASA) initiative, 'Leveraging Natural...

This paper examines how income inequality affects environmental outcomes through the interplay of household consumption and political support for climate policy. We develop an agent-based model in which households differ by income, consumption patterns, and climate policy attitudes. Our results...

As the combination of digital technology and traditional inclusive finance, digital inclusive finance has displayed the huge potential to promote green low-carbon energy transition. Although theoretically, digital inclusive finance can contribute to achieving this goal, its practical effects and...

A review is presented of the macroeconomics of climate change and policy. The review starts with a tractable workhorse model of the macroeconomics of climate and carbon pricing. It then discusses extensions to multiple countries. A discussion of the effects of macroeconomic and climate...

This paper reviews research across economics, political economy, political science, and public policy to investigate how institutions shape the adoption, implementation, and durability of climate policies. We examine how formal institutions (i) coordinate implementation capacity, (ii) anchor...

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is considered essential for climate change mitigation, yet its optimal role in climate policy remains unclear in the presence of non-permanent storage, energy constraints, and fossil fuel scarcity. We integrate CDR into an analytic integrated assessment model to...

This paper presents a novel model comparison to examine the challenges posed by changes in carbon-intensive energy prices for monetary policy. The employed environmental monetary models have a detailed multi-sector structure. The comparison assesses the effects of both a temporary and a...

To address climate change and fulfill its international commitments to reducing carbon emissions, China has accelerated the low-carbon transformation of the thermal power sector through a carbon trading mechanism. However, as the "30·60″ dual-carbon target approaches, the carbon market still...

The design of energy policy mixes plays a critical role in low-carbon transitions. While an increasingly diverse and extensive array of policy mixes may enhance systemic transformation, it can also generate policy conflicts that undermine effectiveness. To examine this tension, this study...

The fossil-fuel foreign policy of the United States under President Donald Trump has intensified the conflict between petrostates and electrostates in international climate politics. At COP30 in Belém in November 2025, this cleavage was particularly evident in the dispute over a roadmap for the...

Retrofitting gas-fired power plants to accommodate low-carbon fuel blends offers a promising pathway to achieving deep decarbonization while leveraging the existing infrastructure and maintaining electricity supply reliability. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of...

According to the International Energy Agency, energy security means that energy sources are always available at an affordable price. However, the 2021 and 2022 energy crises and the current global situation raise concerns about energy availability and affordability. As countries, especially...

This work presents a modified version of the integrated economic-climate model RICECH₄. The aim of the work was to expand the basic RICE model by explicitly accounting for methane (CH₄) emissions along with traditional carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, as well as the subsequent analysis of...

Public acceptance has influenced the evolution of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Europe. To study the mechanisms behind this, we use evolutionary game theory where the governmental policy towards CCS, such as subsidies to the industry, is dependent on public acceptance. Public acceptance...

Carbon leakage is a major concern in the design of unilateral climate policies aimed at reducing global emissions in a cost-effective manner. In order to assess the cost-effectiveness of anti-leakage measures, it is crucial to understand the fundamental mechanisms that contribute to leakage. We...

The study examines economic growth and climate change when system competition between countries causes drastic changes in their climate policies. The world is divided into two groups of countries: one that implements strict climate policies and another that refrains from doing so due to concerns...

We characterize optimal climate policy in an economy with heterogeneous households and non-homothetic preferences. We focus on constrained efficiency, where the planner is restricted from transferring resources across households. We derive three results. First, the constrained-optimal carbon tax...

The Paris Agreement is designed to increase climate ambition gradually through a process of ratcheting up. What is the plausible endpoint of this process? We develop a tractable integrated assessment model in which countries interact through a decentralized general equilibrium and negotiate...

This paper develops a welfare and public economics perspective on optimal policies for carbon removal and storage (CDR) in permanent and non-permanent sinks. Non-permanent CDR reduces mitigation costs, even though the stored carbon is released into the atmosphere eventually. It may serve as...

We assess how changes in the scientific consensus around equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), as captured by the IPCC’s Fifth (AR5) and Sixth (AR6) Assessment Reports, impact policymakers' willingness to take climate action, including through increasing subsidies to investments that will...

I study a formal mechanism that can sustain Pareto optimality in a new and very broad class of dilemma games. In the absence of a central authority that could enforce multilateral agreements, the mechanism is based on binding unilateral commitments, which condition a playerís (possibly...

Carbon pricing is widely recognized as a key tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, if implemented without compensatory measures, it can increase poverty and inequality. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of carbon pricing in generating fiscal space for expanding social...

We study how mandatory climate-related disclosure affects bank lending using the phased introduction of the EU Taxonomy Regulation. Exploiting the staggered development and implementation of the regulation, we distinguish banks’ responses to anticipated disclosure requirements from their...

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is considered essential for climate change mitigation, yet its optimal role in climate policy remains unclear in the presence of non-permanent storage, en-ergy constraints, and fossil fuel scarcity. We integrate CDR into an analytic integrated assess-ment model to...

Der Green Startup Report 2026, herausgegeben vom Borderstep Institut für Innovation und Nachhaltigkeit, analysiert die aktuelle Entwicklung der grünen Gründungslandschaft in Deutschland und setzt die seit 2013 kontinuierlich durchgeführte wissenschaftliche Beobachtung der Szene fort. Die...

Importe von Flüssigerdgas (LNG) haben es Europa ermöglicht, den weitgehenden Ausfall russischer Gaslieferungen teilweise zu kompensieren. Dies war für die Sicherung der Energieversorgung zentral. Es besteht hierbei jedoch auch ein Risiko neuer Pfadabhängigkeiten, die der notwendigen...

Die Klimakrise stellt eine zunehmende Herausforderung dar, insbesondere für junge Menschen, die sich häufig ohnmächtig gegenüber den Folgen des Klimawandels fühlen. Bildung kann dabei eine zentrale Rolle einnehmen, indem sie Selbstwirksamkeit stärkt und zur aktiven Beteiligung am...

This paper investigates how firms navigate the dual challenges of digitalisation and climate change. Our comprehensive approach considers climate change strategies, distinguishing adaptation-only, mitigation-only and 'dual' adaptation and mitigation strategies. Drawing on theoretical insights...

Im Zuge der Enquetekommission "Klimaschutzstrategie für das Land Bremen" hat sich das Land Bremen ambitionierte Ziele zur Erreichung der vollständigen Klimaneutralität bis zum Jahr 2038 gesetzt. Der Mobi- litätssektor und das Mobilitätsverhalten der Bevölkerung sind dort zentrale...

Hitze wird als belastend empfunden. Das tatsächliche Gefährdungspotenzial großer Hitze für die Gesundheit wird aber deutlich unterschätzt Insbesondere starke Temperaturschwankungen in kurzer Zeit und hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit wirken sich belastend aus. Zwischen Hitze und Medikation wird nur von...

Ein zentrales Element dieser Forschung des Borderstep Instituts ist die systematische Langzeitvermessung des grünen Gründungs-Ökosystems in Deutschland. In diesem Jahr werden die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse als „Green Startup Report 2025“ veröffentlicht. Die Studie markiert einen...

Das Land Baden-Württemberg hat ehrgeizige Ziele zum Klimaschutz formuliert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie sich diese Energiewende auf die Beschäftigung im Land auswirkt- quantitativ wie auch qualitativ. Die Kombination aus sektoraler Betrachtung, strukturökonomischer Analyse,...