Effective scheduling of twin automated stacking cranes (ASCs) in automated storage yard is critical to maximize operational efficiency. While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is promising in solving NP-hard scheduling problems, twin ASCs scheduling is challenging due to its unique properties...

Background: In container terminals, optimizing the scheduling of external trucks and yard cranes is crucial as it directly impacts the truck turnaround time, which is one of the most critical performance measures. Furthermore, proper scheduling of external trucks contributes to reducing CO2...

On-shore power supply (OPS) is a promising energy-saving and carbon emission-reduction technology for ports. The world’s leading container terminals are accelerating the deployment of OPS facilities, but the problem of low OPS utilization has always plagued the transformation and upgrading of...

In this paper we consider, for the first time, the setup and travel times of cranes in the berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem. We first propose a new mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) for the problem without setups (BACASP), in which neither the berthing positions nor...

Background: The key performance index for the container terminals is the vessel berthing time which is highly affected by the scheduling of the different handling equipment. Proper integrated scheduling of the handling equipment is crucial, especially in automated container terminals, where all...

To relieve human order pickers from unproductive walking through a warehouse, parts-to-picker systems deliver demanded stock keeping units (SKUs) toward picking workstations. In a wide-spread parts-to-picker setup, a crane-operated automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) delivers bins with...

Purpose: A rising global container throughput has necessitated the need for more efficient terminals. This work focuses on identifying past developments, important methods, key performance indicators and the future trends, related to the main decision tasks in an inland rail-road terminal. Prime...