As renewable hydrogen becomes central to decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors, such as steel manufacturing or heavy transport, deployment in Emerging Markets and Developing Countries depends on obtaining timely environmental and social permits on the social acceptance of hydrogen production...

In this paper, we present the application of Entrepreneurial Separation to Transfer Technologies from federally funded research and the difficulties associated with the transfer of intellectual property. With the increased threat (call) by the government to exercise "march-in" rights, which...

Data-based products play a rapidly increasing role for the European economy and, consequently, also transactions which make data available for production. As data licences, the most important type of such transactions, become a major determinant for the structure of product markets in the Union,...

Supplier encroachment in technology-intensive supply chains is an emerging and important research topic in communication technology. In order to assess the impact of patent licensing on supplier encroachment and firms' performance, we model a technology-intensive supply chain comprising a...

We evaluate license agreements as a form of technology transfer that constitutes a public-private partnership (PPP) with the primary goal of economic development. These license agreements permit entrepreneurs and other businesses to turn government innovations into earnings. We constructed a...

This study investigates how the presence, and subsequent repeal, of a tax incentive for a prosocial behavior influences fairness perceptions and tax compliance for those who are and are not eligible for the incentive. Results of a multi-round experiment with 309 U.S. taxpayers show that...

In July 1991, India began to dismantle its long-standing, highly restrictive import control regime and move toward a more open economy. How were policymakers able to dislodge and replace an entrenched system with powerful vested interests behind it? Standard explanations for policy change -...

Franchising has been increasingly used by European companies and individuals as a route for exploitation of intangibles and expansion of their business to other territories and countries. This fact sheet will therefore help readers understand the concept of franchising and in particular why it...

Industrial policy is on the rise. A key instrument used by governments is import licensing to protect domestic industries. However, evidence of its effectiveness is limited. Using customs and firm level data, we estimate the effects of the introduction of import licensing for iron and steel...

Cognizant of the persistent concerns about the lack of alignment of skills and education with industry and occupation needs, this paper investigates returns to professional licenses alongside education-occupation matching. It also analyzes the effects of individual and higher education...

Introduction Intangible assets are cornerstones of today's economy. The last two decades have seen an 87% increase in the volume of investments in intellectual property products in contrast to a 30% increase in physical investments. 47% of the total economic activity (GDP) in the European Union...

Introduction Intangible assets are cornerstones of today's economy. The last two decades have seen an 87% increase in the volume of investments in intellectual property products in contrast to a 30% increase in physical investments. 47% of the total economic activity (GDP) in the European Union...

The challenges we face as societies are manifold - from climate change to energy shortages or unequal access to medicines. To address these on a global scale, novel approaches are needed to ensure the potential of intellectual assets and technologies is fully exploited. Impact licensing, as an...

The value of intangible properties for companies continues to increase. Intangible assets comprise, inter alia, patents, brand value, data, and software. Often, innova-tion activities resulted in in-house developed software-based internet platforms aimed at disrupting existing business models. A...

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is...

We investigate the effects of a higher education reform on the labor market outcomes of college graduates in Peru. The cornerstone of this piece of legislation was a licensing process whereby a newly created higher education superintendency evaluated every existing university on minimum quality...