The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a cornerstone policy of the European Union, increasingly focused on promoting environmentally sustainable practices. In 2014, the CAP introduced Greening payments and a crop diversification requirement to enhance soil resilience and mitigate ecosystem...

We combine 2008-2023 county-level yield data with 30-meter crop classification imagery to test whether crop diversity mitigates yield losses from weather shocks. Diversity is measured with the exponential Shannon index, capturing county-level species richness and evenness as the effective number...

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a cornerstone policy of the European Union, increasingly focused on promoting environmentally sustainable practices. In 2014, the CAP introduced Greening payments and a crop diversification requirement to enhance soil resilience and mitigate ecosystem...

Environmental concerns together with a growing global population and health benefits call for an increased use of plant proteins in the human diet. This review paper summarizes opportunities and challenges of such an increased use and reveals the way forward for plant proteins for human...

The European Union (EU) aims to increase the adoption of organic farming as part of its Farm to Fork Strategy. However, farmers face uncertain adoption outcomes linked with crop yields, production costs, labour requirements, and ultimately farm income. Yet, comprehensive large-scale empirical...

Although agriculture is often considered vulnerable to climate change, recent gridded crop growth modelling intercomparison exercises have found that staple crop yields will be modestly affected by global warming. However, those crop growth models also do not fully reflect impacts of increasing...

A CPVR is an IP right that grants an exclusive right in relation to a plant variety, provided that the latter complies with the legal requirements for protection provided by Council Regulation 2100/1994 (the "Basic Regulation") and the Regulation (EU) 2021/1873 of the European Parliament and of...

Moscona & Sastry (2023, Quarterly Journal of Economics) - henceforth MS23 - find that cropland values are significantly less damaged by extreme heat exposure (EHE) when crops are more exposed to technological innovation. However, MS23's 'innovation exposure' variable does not measure innovation,...

The current study sought to assess the effect of smallholder crop commercialization on household nutrition security and poverty status. Recent government efforts have gone beyond investing in agricultural production, thereby establishing markets for smallholder farmers in order to commercialize...

In this paper, we address a gap in the literature concerning pollination management, the pollinator deficit, and conservation objectives. By employing a farm level survey of UK farmers, we examine farmers' attitudes, understanding and management of pollinators. Based on descriptive statistics...

How do alternative development programs, designed to diminish the presence of illicit crops, might cause unexpected consequences? This article studies how the announcement about an alternative development program, following the signing of the peace agreement in Colombia, resulted in an increase...

Previous literature has mostly used crop diversification indices to quantify the extent of crop diversification used by farmers. Indices are useful in assessing the number and proportion of crops in a farmer's portfolio. However, they often overlook the heterogeneity of the crops in their...

Biodiversity contributes to the provision of numerous ecosystem services. Several studies have econometrically measured the impact of crop biodiversity using observational data to assess the "productive value" of biodiversity for agriculture. We propose the first meta-analysis of this...

The study explains in particular the different forms of legal protection required by international IPR agreements, including the system of plant breeders' rights in the 1978 and 1991 UPOV Acts, the choice between patent and sui generis protection created by article 27.3(b) of the TRIPs Agreement...

This paper investigates how innovation responded to and shaped the economic impact of the American Dust Bowl, an environmental catastrophe that led to widespread soil erosion on the US Plains during the 1930s. Combining data on county-level erosion, the historical geography of crop production,...