The ECB anticipates stable growth and inflation, while Europe is faced with geopolitical threats, lack of competitiveness and fiscal challenges. At such a time, central bankers need to consider the dynamics of risk scenarios that arise from potentially mis-aligned or mis-perceived trends and...

Das Europäische System der Zentralbanken (ESZB) folgt in erster Linie dem Ziel der Preisstabilität. Darüber hinaus kann es weitere Ziele anstreben. Genauer gesagt kann sogar die Pflicht bestehen, eine so genannte mehrdimensionale nicht-neutrale Geldpolitik umzusetzen. Denn laut Vertrag über...

This paper formalizes the theory of price level determination from Modern Monetary Theory by building two toy models of 'monopoly money'. Drawing inspiration from mainstream models of durable goods with monopoly producers, the government is modelled as the sole producer of its liabilities, which...

This essay examines the contemporary discourse on inflation through the lens of Wittgenstein's late work on language games. Using his concept of hinge propositions - beliefs upon which language games depend - I offer a novel perspective on the public good that is price stability. In particular,...

Are restrictions on fiscal policy necessary for monetary policy to be able to deliver price stability? When households are Ricardian, the net present value of future fiscal surpluses needs to equate the real value of government debt absent inflation. We show that when households are not...

Das Europäische System der Zentralbanken (ESZB) folgt in erster Linie dem Ziel der Preisstabilität. Darüber hinaus kann es weitere Ziele anstreben. Genauer gesagt kann sogar die Pflicht bestehen, eine so genannte mehrdimensionale nicht-neutrale Geldpolitik umzusetzen. Denn laut Vertrag über...

This paper revisits the evolving mandates of central banks in light of recent economic disruptions and structural shifts. Drawing on historical lessons from the Great Inflation and the Global Financial Crisis, it highlights the importance of price stability and central bank independence as...

In recent years, farmers have faced growing exposure to economic shocks, extreme weather events, and conflicts, threatening their incomes, especially in developing countries. This study investigates whether voluntary sustainability standards help mitigate the economic impact of price shocks,...

Degraded ecosystems undermine productivity, disrupt supply chains and heighten vulnerability to shocks, creating risks for the real economy and the financial sector. Biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation also pose a growing risk to price stability, with increasing evidence that ecosystem...

CO2 -Abgaben wie Steuern und Zertifikate als Instrumente der Klimapolitik üben einen starken Effekt auf die gesamtwirtschaftliche Preisentwicklung aus. Eine insbesondere preisstabilitätsgerechte Rückgabe der CO2 -Einnahmen soll dazu beitragen, überschießende Reaktionen von Lohnentwicklung,...

Am 4. September 2024 vollendet Professor Dr. Helmut Schlesinger sein 100. Lebensjahr. Von 1991 bis 1993 bekleidete er das Amt des Präsidenten der Deutschen Bundesbank. Zuvor war er in verschiedenen Positionen für die Bank tätig, unter anderem als langjähriger Vizepräsident (von 1980 bis...

Orthodox economic theory presents the policy maker with an impossible choice: eradicate unemployment at the cost of undesirable inflation or keep prices stable by maintaining some level of involuntary unemployment. This is the canon, as embodied in the natural rate of unemployment theory and the...

The change in macroeconomic conditions since the ECB's strategy review in 2021 towards an environment characterised by above-target inflation, high interest rates, and renewed concerns about elevated government debt has been a vocal reminder of the intricate interdependencies between monetary...

Using individual-level survey data for both advanced economies and emerging markets spanning over 45 years for 42 countries, we show that cohorts who have had higher exposure to past inflationary episodes (levels, as well as to more persistent or to more volatile inflation), systematically...

Am 4. September 2024 vollendet Professor Dr. Helmut Schlesinger sein 100. Lebensjahr. Von 1991 bis 1993 bekleidete er das Amt des Präsidenten der Deutschen Bundesbank. Zuvor war er in verschiedenen Positionen für die Bank tätig, unter anderem als langjähriger Vizepräsident (von 1980 bis...

CO2 -Abgaben wie Steuern und Zertifikate als Instrumente der Klimapolitik üben einen starken Effekt auf die gesamtwirtschaftliche Preisentwicklung aus. Eine insbesondere preisstabilitätsgerechte Rückgabe der CO2 -Einnahmen soll dazu beitragen, überschießende Reaktionen von Lohnentwicklung,...

What are the macroeconomic consequences of a government that is limited in its willingness or ability to raise primary surpluses, and a central bank that accommodates its interest-rate policy to the fiscal conditions? I address this question in a dynamic stochastic sticky-price model with...

Interactions between monetary and macroprudential policy are crucial in safeguarding price and financial stability. This study investigates the macroeconomic and financial impacts of monetary and macroprudential policy interactions in South Africa, a leading African economy in developing...

After introducing digital currency, the central bank emerges as a monopolist bank. It then faces an "impossible trinity". To achieve price stability and financial stability, optimal consumption allocation is sacrificed. In this paper, I show that fiscal policy designed in coordination with the...

This book contains papers and proceedings presented at a conference that took place at the Bank of Israel (BOI) in July 2022, and a Governors’ Panel held in July 2021. The focus is on inflation, inflation targeting, and various macro and micro aspects of the Israeli economy, along with...

During the Great Moderation, macroeconomic volatility declined while firm markups increased. We document a causal relationship between volatility and markups due to tacit collusion. We exploit the legalisation of interstate banking as an exogenous decrease in volatility. Using an instrumental...

Since New Zealand adopted Inflation Targeting as a monetary policy in 1990, many countries have adopted inflation targeting. Due to the high accountability and high transparency of central banks under IT policy, it is expected to achieve price stability easily. In this paper, we investigate...

For a quarter of a century, the western world has enjoyed a macroeconomic environment characterized by low and stable inflation. Over the last two years, this benign state has dramatically changed. In America and Europe, inflation has resurged with unexpected vigor. Treated at first by central...

This paper analyses economic freedom for a sample of 21 OECD countries over the past 170 years on the basis of a new thoroughly revised Historical Index of Economic Liberty (HIEL). Long-term gains in economic freedom reached two-thirds of its potential maximum. The expansion of economic freedom...

"With a foreword written by Kenneth Rogoff, this astute book examines central banking through the lens of his principle of the conservative central banker and emphasis on price stability over short-term political and economic pressures. Expert contributors explore how central banks have...

This study examined the effect of monetary policy on price stability in Nigeria using a data-rich framework spanning from 1986-2020 with the interest in exploring which of monetary policy has been effective in propelling price stability and how inflation responds to the monetary policy...

One of the focuses of recent literature has been the macroeconomic effects of macroprudential policy instruments. The innovation of this paper is that it studies the effects of transparent macro-prudential policies on price stability. The results presented herein provide the first empirical...

This working paper offers some considerations on the monetary policy framework of the European Central Bank. The trade-offs arising from adopting a point target configuration over a range target one are assessed in terms of their flexibility vs. inflation anchoring properties. This layout is...

How should independent central banks react if pressured by fiscal policymakers? We study an environment with strategic monetary-fiscal interactions where the central bank has a limited degree of commitment to follow policies over time and the fiscal authority has none. We contrast the...