La nueva versión de los diagnósticos del sector privado de los países tiene como objetivo promover el crecimiento y la inversión impulsados por el sector privado. En cada uno de los informes, preparados de manera conjunta por las instituciones del Grupo Banco Mundial, se examina el entorno...

In 2001, Germany abolished public occupational disability insurance (ODI)-the second tier of its public DI system-for cohorts born after 1960. Using administrative data, we first document that, in the long run, overall DI inflows declined by roughly one-third. Second, using representative survey...

This study aims to assess the perceived quality of telecommunication services in Portugal and examine how governance practices influence organizational performance, addressing the lack of empirical evidence on service quality gaps in the Portuguese telecommunications sector. Specifically, it...

Stablecoins are rapidly expanding as money-like assets for payments, trading, settlement, and cross-border transfer. In response, policymakers are moving quickly to develop new regulatory frameworks to safeguard the monetary and financial system. This article develops a forward-looking,...

This chapter presents an overview of the social housing system in Germany. Unlike in many other contexts, social housing in Germany is conceived as a temporary, marketcorrecting policy; therefore, the social housing function is limited in time. While partially provided by the state, it is...

The Serbian case illustrates the complex interplay between post-socialist transformations, market liberalisation, and the retreat of the state from housing provision. Despite a comprehensive legal framework, social housing (redefined in 2016 as "housing support") remains marginal, representing...

We study the firm-level and aggregate effects of government-imposed employment targets. We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms and endogenous productivity growth in which penalties for below-target hiring generate a polarization mechanism: low-productivity firms...

The empirical literature comparing the innovation performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and private firms in China often yields conflicting results. To shed new light on this debate, we construct an extensive dataset by linking the Annual Survey of Industrial Enterprises (ASIE) dataset...

This paper examines the resource mismatch in China's healthcare sector from 2010 to 2019. We use structural efficiency to measure the resource mismatch in the healthcare industry (0.2-0.7). We find that an increase in the proportion of private hospitals decreases the healthcare resource mismatch...

This Brief studies patterns of political engagement among private firms in the European Union (EU). Using representative data, allowing for analysis at the level of NUTS2 regional groupings (EU regions varying from about 800,000 to 3 million inhabitants), various patterns of engagement emerge....

Private ordering enables investors to design firm-specific governance arrangements. Aided by specialized lawyers, sophisticated contracting parties can engage in complex private ordering exercises yielding agency cost-minimizing governance structures. Venture capital ('VC') contracting is a...

This study explores the ownership-risk relationship in the GCC emerging economies during the COVID-19 pandemic, examining 44 commercial banks classified as private and publicly owned banks. The two-stage least squares (2SLS) method is employed to identify endogeneity issues, with robustness...

Nach der Friedlichen Revolution von 1989 setzte im Osten Deutschlands ein tiefgreifender Transformationsprozess von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft ein. Auch wenn die Mitwirkungsmöglichkeiten der Gewerkschaften beschränkt waren, waren sie wichtige Akteure in diesem Prozess. Zusammen mit den...

I examine the pricing behavior of municipal and private firms in the unregulated Swedish district heating market, characterized by geographically bounded local monopoly networks. Conditional on exogenous cost factors, private firms charge on average seven percent higher prices compared to their...

The Global Emerging Markets Risk Database Consortium (GEMs) is a joint initiative between the European Investment Bank and the International Finance Corporation; it was established in 2009 to pool credit risk data. This database is a unique example of a tangible common good and is designed to...

O Atualização Económica de JIOBSão Tomé e Príncipe fornece uma análise abrangente do desempenho económico, desafios e perspetivas do país. O relatório está dividido em dois capítulos: o Capítulo 1, que se centra no estado da economia, e o Capítulo 2, que examina o papel e o...

After each economic crisis, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, governments have used public investment as a crucial tool to help economies recover quickly. However, a significant concern is how to structure such investments to meet the intended objectives while avoiding risks during...

The transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy is urgently needed to mitigate the profound impacts of climate change. However, this essential transition presents one of the greatest socioeconomic challenges of our era, particularly in terms of employment. Millions of workers in fossil...