We study the spillovers of large-scale asset purchases (LSAPs) in the U.S. on financial intermediation in the euro area using bank-level supervisory data and high-frequency identified policy surprises. Our detailed panel data permit us to trace the impact of LSAPs through bank balance sheets. We...

The global transition toward renewable energy is vital for achieving climate goals and strengthening energy security. The primary objective of the study is to examine the impact of different stances of monetary policy, namely price-based, quantity-based, and outcome-based monetary policy, on...

This paper examines the interaction between quantitative easing (QE) and the securities lending facility (SLF) using a detailed dataset on Riksbank QE purchases, Swedish DMO SLF transactions and OTC repo deals. A theoretical model further shows how excess demand for assets and search frictions...

This article is focusing on the economic literature attempting to solve the problem of the impossible trilemmas of the euro area, by reconciling the relations between the three essential pillars - supranational monetary independence, national fiscal independence and the no bail-out clause...

I study the transmission mechanism of Quantitative Easing (QE) in the form of large-scale asset purchases in the mortgage market to aggregate consumption. To this end, I develop a New Keynesian model that features heterogeneous households, a microfounded housing market, and frictional...

To stabilize economies, central banks implemented unconventional monetary policies like quantitative easing following the global financial crisis. Although much research has been done on how quantitative easing affects financial markets, the influence of central bank transparency on bank...

Starting from the Tinbergen principle and four areas of economic policy, we argue that in practice economic policies each have multiple effects, rendering a clear and simple allocation of objectives and instruments to different policies and their responsible institutions complex. First, the case...

In its response to the economic and financial crises of 2008, the sovereign debt and euro crisis of 2010-2015, and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2023, the European Central Bank (ECB) implemented an unconventional monetary policy aimed at providing liquidity for more than a decade, through a...

Quantitative easing (QE) has been a favourite tool of central banks in their post-financial crisis monetary policy apparatus. Social science literature has interpreted QE as a shift away from performative governance characterising pre-crisis monetary policy. With reference to the Bank of...

This paper examines the responses of foreign exchange rates to the Federal Reserve's large-scale asset purchases (LSAPs) and forward guidance (FWG) from 2009 to 2022 using local projections. I confirm heterogeneous responses of examined foreign exchange rates to unconventional shocks, varying by...

We provide new evidence on the inflationary effects of Quantitative Easing (QE) using Swedish administrative data at the bank, firm, and product level. For identification, we rely on bank-firm lending relationships and the heterogeneous participation rates of banks in the government bond...

An early analysis of the imperialist implications of the surge of global commodity prices was conducted in 2014 by Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler. However, their analysis did not consider how the US monetary and fiscal expansionist policies have contributed to the rise of global commodity...

Reoccurring instability keeps forcing central banks repeatedly to intervene in financial markets, since the 2007-2008 crisis most notably with massive asset purchases, whose popularisation was spearheaded by the Bank of Japan. This paper exploits the world's first implementation of quantitative...

Targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTROs) helped supporting bank lending to firms and to households in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of TLTRO funding for mortgage loans to households had explicitly not been included into the targeted loan categories of these schemes,...

How do different monetary policy tools influence residential housing markets, and how do these effects vary between owner-occupied and rental segments? To answer this question, we assemble a new monthly regional dataset from 35 million real estate listings over the period 2007- 2023 and exploit...

Banks are reluctant to tap central bank backup liquidity facilities and use the borrowed funds for loans to the real economy. We show that excessively parsimonious borrowing and lending can arise in a stigma-free model where the banking sector has an incentive to overissue deposits. Banks don't...

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the macroeconomic and fiscal impact of unconventional monetary tools in small open economies. Using a DSGE model, we show that the exchange rate plays a critical role to amplify the favourable impact of unconventional monetary policy while it...

In the aftermath of the Great Financial Crisis, central banks from several advanced, small, open economies have used FX interventions (FXI) in order to stimulate inflation, given that their policy rates were very low. We present a quantitative DSGE model that allows us to study the effectiveness...