The German Constitutional Court is not only selective in publishing its rulings. Actually more than 90% of the rulings do even come without written reasons (and are then not made publicly available either). As there is no comparison group to study, one cannot try to find causes, let alone...

Crime affects social stability and people's safety, and directly increases the cost of urban development. Existing literature shows that income distribution affects crime, but it mainly focuses on the effect of income inequality and poverty, with scant evidence addressing the impact of income...

On 4 July 2024, colleagues from the Legal Services of the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the EFTA Surveillance Authority, the Single Resolution Board and the Court of Justice of the European Union gathered together for the seminar entitled '20...

On 4 July 2024, colleagues from the Legal Services of the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the EFTA Surveillance Authority, the Single Resolution Board and the Court of Justice of the European Union gathered together for the seminar entitled '20...

The "EUAA Quarterly Overview of Asylum Case Law" is based on a selection of cases from the EUAA Case Law Database, which contains summaries of decisions and judgments related to international protection pronounced by national courts of EU+ countries, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and the...

This document provides an overview of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) concerning the application of Directive 2014/41/EU of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters (EIO DIR). Where relevant, reference is also made to the...

We study the effect of prison sentences on recidivism using a unique feature of sentencing for drunk driving in the Swedish court system. Below the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 1.0‰, individuals are never sentenced to prison and above 1.0‰, the average number of days sentenced to...

Mehmood et al. (2023) estimate the effect of Ramadan fasting hours on judicial decisions using case-level data from Pakistan and India. Using exogenous variation in fasting intensity due to the Islamic lunar calendar and latitude, the authors find that Muslim judges are significantly more likely...

Gender-based violence against women remains a pressing issue, causing women to flee their countries and seek international protection. At the same time EU+ countries continue to improve safeguards for women and girls within the asylum procedure through policy, legislative, institutional and...

Does gender identity affect judicial decisions? This paper provides novel evidence of in-group gender bias in the judicial decisions for almost all divorce cases in China. Exploiting the effectively random assignment of cases to judges, the analysis finds that female judges are 1.2 percentage...

Since 1 October 2024, the General Court has jurisdiction to hear and determine requests for a preliminary ruling which come exclusively within one or several specific areas set out in Article 50b of the Statute, unless those requests raise independent questions relating to the interpretation of...

Since 1 October 2024, the General Court has jurisdiction to hear and determine requests for a preliminary ruling which come exclusively within one or several specific areas set out in Article 50b of the Statute, unless those requests raise independent questions relating to the interpretation of...

We use data from the Istanbul court registers spanning from the 16th-19th centuries to establish, for the first time, long-term trends in intergenerational mobility in a major premodern city. The dataset contains information on over 270,000 individuals who appeared in court in various roles,...

The new government has "placed a renewed focus on public sector productivity" and has set "productivity, efficiency and savings" targets for departments. In this report, we consider the productivity of the justice system, focusing in particular on the Crown Court of England and Wales, the court...

This document, which is updated on an annual basis, provides an overview of the case-law of national courts with regard to the application of national legislation regulating intellectual property crime (IPC). An IPC is an infringement of intellectual property (IP) rights, such as counterfeiting...

The "EUAA Quarterly Overview of Asylum Case Law" is based on a selection of cases from the EUAA Case Law Database, which contains summaries of decisions and judgments related to international protection pronounced by national courts of EU+ countries, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and the...

This overview of the case law is an updated version of the document published by the Commission as Annex II to the 2013 Report on the application of Directive 2006/54/EC and the 2019 version of the case law overview. It provides a synopsis of the CJEU's interpretation on the principle of equal...

EU energy law requires that energy regulators are independent. They must be able to exercise their powers impartially and without interference by public or private entities or any government or other political entities. The independence is required to ensure compliance with EU rules and...

The "EUAA Quarterly Overview of Asylum Case Law" is based on a selection of cases from the EUAA Case Law Database, which contains summaries of decisions and judgments related to international protection pronounced by national courts of EU+ countries, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and the...

This paper explores the role of microeconomic analysis in policy formulation by assessing how the regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) that federal regulatory agencies prepare for important proposed rules may affect outcomes when regulations are challenged in court. Conventional wisdom among...