Der vorliegende Abschlussbericht entstand im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes "Plattformökonomie und soziale Sicherung: Arbeits- und Sicherungsorientierungen digitaler Selbstständiger zwischen De- und Re-Institutionalisierung". Das Kooperationsprojekt zwischen dem Institut Arbeit und...

Ziel einer output-orientierten Regulierung (OOR) ist die gezielte Anreizung vorgegebener Leistungsziele (Outputs), die im Rahmen einer ansonsten vorwiegend auf Kosteneffizienz ausgerichteten Anreizregulierung nicht im gesellschaftlich erwünschten Maße gefördert werden. Sie ergänzt die im...

Der vorliegende Abschlussbericht entstand im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes "Plattformökonomie und soziale Sicherung: Arbeits- und Sicherungsorientierungen digitaler Selbstständiger zwischen De- und Re-Institutionalisierung". Das Kooperationsprojekt zwischen dem Institut Arbeit und...

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), passed under the Biden administration in August 2022, is the biggest US climate bill to date. Its focus on subsidy-driven decarbonization incentives marks a potential turning point in US industrial policy and might prevent its repeal under the upcoming Trump...

Digital technology, applications, data, and information systems, as part of the ongoing transformation of health and health care, can help ensure universal and equitable access to affordable, people-centered, and integrated quality care, contributing to the goal of reaching Universal Health...

Ziel einer output-orientierten Regulierung (OOR) ist die gezielte Anreizung vorgegebener Leistungsziele (Outputs), die im Rahmen einer ansonsten vorwiegend auf Kosteneffizienz ausgerichteten Anreizregulierung nicht im gesellschaftlich erwünschten Maße gefördert werden. Sie ergänzt die im...

We document a Kuznets curve for construction productivity in 20th-century America. Homes built per construction worker remained stagnant between 1900 and 1940, boomed after World War II, and then plummeted after 1970. The productivity boom from 1940 to 1970 shows that nothing makes technological...

As part of a package to address migrant smuggling, on 28 November 2023, the European Commission proposed a regulation to strengthen police cooperation and Europol's role in the fight against migrant smuggling and trafficking in human beings (COM(2023) 754). The proposal was not supported by an...

Geo-blocking limits consumer access and hinders the EU digital single market by restricting access to online services across Member States. The 2018 Geo-blocking Regulation aimed to address such discrimination based on nationality or residence. We assessed the effect of the Regulation and...

The 'Communication, Dissemination and Stakeholder Engagement Strategy' (CDSES) defines the framework to guide dissemination activities within UVAR Box throughout the project. It identifies and describes the target groups for dissemination activities and explains how to reach them. It provides...

Geo-blocking limits consumer access and hinders the EU digital single market by restricting access to online services across Member States. The 2018 Geo-blocking Regulation aimed to address such discrimination based on nationality or residence. We assessed the effect of the Regulation and...

Unternehmen, die Tantal, Wolfram, Zinn und Gold in die Europäische Union (EU) importieren und einen bestimmten Schwellenwert überschreiten, müssen seit 2021 Sorgfaltspflichten umsetzen um zu verhindern, durch ihre Beschaffungspraktiken zu Konflikten und Menschenrechtsverletzungen beizutragen....

This study analysed the determining factors of the concentration of "superstar firms" in specific economies, with a focus on the interaction between technological innovation, economic development, and market structures. Using global data from Statista on superstar firms for the year 2022,...

Müller (2023) presents evidence for electoral cycles in macroprudential policy in a sample of 58 countries from 2000 through 2014. Consistent with theoretical arguments, the pattern of looser regulation is larger when election outcomes are uncertain and institutions are weak. In this...

Heterogeneous interconnections, which link regulated electricity markets to liberalised ones, are becoming increasingly important. Several such interconnections are set to be established in the near future especially between European and North African countries (e.g., Tunisia-Italy,...

This technical assistance report outlines the current state and future objectives for regulating crypto assets in the Republic of Kenya. The report, prepared at the request of Kenya's Capital Markets Authority, involved an analysis of crypto-asset activities and the related regulatory framework....

The EU Methane Regulation (MER), effective as of August 4, 2024, introduces new obligations for domestically produced and imported crude oil, natural gas, and coal. While compliance with new import requirements primarily falls on European Union (EU) importers, their ability to meet them hinges...

Despite its growing success, open banking (OB) struggles to present a coherent identity. Indeed, despite its widespread adoption around the world, various models can be identified based on rationales, the nature of data-sharing obligations, and the standardisation process. Against this...

The modern digital public sphere requires effective content moderation systems that balance the interests of states, technology companies, and the public. This article examines how two pieces of legislation establish regulatory intermediaries in an attempt to strike this balance: the EU's...

This article compares the goals and outcomes of industry- and activist-led efforts that leverage advertisers to influence platform content moderation, and considers how these efforts fare as governments intervene more strongly in platform governance. It draws on contemporary documents and...

This article seeks to explore the socio-demographic determinants underlying the engagement of moderators and the production of content moderation norms in the French Twitch scene. Using a mixed-method approach, it highlights gender, politicisation, social class, and social vulnerability...

Globally, the popularity of homesharing platforms such as Airbnb has grown rapidly in the past decade. These platforms allow households to raise additional income and utilise space in their homes that may otherwise remain unused. However, concerns over the impacts of short-term lets (STL) on...

Ship owners and operators are continuously seeking financially viable ways to comply with the Sulphur emission limits set out by the IMO, which calls for a reduction of sulphur content in ship fuel to less than 0.5% in 2020. The prudent decision in managing required energy sources by...

Die EU-Staaten, das Vereinigte Königreich (UK) und China zeichnen sich durch ein hohes Ausmaß an Regulierung ihrer digitalen Märkte aus. Dabei haben die EU und das UK ihre Regulierungen in den vergangenen Jahren stark verschärft. Der wenig dynamische Datenmarkt in der EU und im UK im...

In Deutschland besteht Einigkeit, dass die stetig zunehmende Überregulierung und Bürokratie zu den zentralen Herausforderungen des Landes zählen. Obgleich diese Erkenntnis seit Jahrzehnten besteht, hat es bisher keine Regierung geschafft, den Trend von zunehmender Regulierung umzudrehen. Auch...

This paper assesses the impact of the regulatory environment on the new business creation in 45 Least Developed Countries (LDC) using a panel data from 2000 to 2021. Empirical evidence, derived from a fixed effects (FE) model, indicates a strong relationship between business regulation and new...

Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is one of the easiest and lowest cost measures which can have a significant impact on global warming prior to 2050. Since 2022, pledges and initiatives by governments and companies have resulted in progress in relation to awareness,...