This Clean Energy Technology Observatory report analyses the current status and development trends of solar thermal energy, including both concentrated solar power (CSP) and solar heat for buildings, district heating, and industrial processes. While CSP has developed to a commercial scale, up to...

This report provides an update on the state of the art of heat pump technology, including its application in buildings, industry, and district heating and cooling. It presents installed capacity, sales and projections, and an analysis of research and development trends. It also discusses EU...

This report provides an overview of the current status, value chains and market positions of carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies in the EU as well as globally. In 2023, the CCUS industry experienced unprecedented growth globally, with all the projects under development...

This report is an output of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO). CETO's objective is to provide an evidence-based analysis feeding the policy making process and hence increasing the effectiveness of R&I policies for clean energy technologies and solutions. It monitors EU research and...

This report is an output of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO) and is an update of the "Water electrolysis and hydrogen in the European Union" 2023 CETO report. CETO's objective is to provide an evidence-based analysis feeding the policy making process and hence increasing the...

Ocean energy has been acknowledged in the context of the European Energy Union as a fundamental research and development priority to achieve the 2050 climate objectives. The European Green Deal, which aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent, included ocean energy in the...

The aim of this report is to provide an update of the state of the art of wind energy technology. This includes utility-scale onshore and offshore wind and, when available, selected findings on technologies at a lower maturity level. Research and development trends are analysed, focussing...

As part of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO), this report on Photovoltaics (PV) is built on three sections: the technology state of the art, future developments and trends, the value chain analysis and the EU position and global competitiveness. PV is the fastest-growing source of...

This report investigates the status and trend of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO), except hydrogen, which are needed to cover part of the EU's demand for low carbon renewable fuels in the coming years. The report is an update of the CETO 2023 report. Most of the conversion...

This report is an output of the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO), and provides an evidence-based analysis of the overall battery landscape to support the EU policy making process. It is part of the series of reports on clean energy technologies needed for the delivery of the European...

This annual CETO report provides an overview of technological trends and market issues on selected topics regarding the electricity grid and the "smart grid of the future". The analysis this year focuses on grid infrastructure, since the physical grid assets are increasingly being recognized as...

This report is part of the 2024 Clean Energy Technology Observatory series and is focusing on smart thermal networks within the European Union. It provides an overview of the current status, emerging trends, and the potential of this sector integration technology. Smart thermal networks...

This report analyses the technology status, value chain and markets of energy storage technologies which are considered 'novel'. While most of the technologies covered are still in the research phase and therefore fall into the novel category, some classic energy storage technologies are also...

The report provides a detailed examination of the bioenergy sector within the European Union (EU), highlighting its significance in the global context and its role in the transition towards a low-carbon economy. The report is an update of the CETO 2023 report. The report offers insights into the...

The report provides a detailed examination of the biofuel sector and advanced biofuel sector within the European Union (EU), focusing on its economic, environmental, and technological dimensions. The report is an update of the CETO 2023 report. The EU is highlighted as the central point of view,...

The EU's geothermal energy sector, although small, has considerable potential to support the bloc's energy transition. This annual update report highlights the status of both power and direct heat applications, covering technology development, value chains, and markets. Despite being a...

Does government funding influence the choice of research topics? Novel grant-making modalities such as the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) program aim to encourage scientists to take on difficult-to-solve, wicked societal problems such as clean energy. Yet little causal...

This report analyses the technology status, value chain, and markets of novel thermal energy storage (TES) technologies. While most technologies currently have low technology readiness levels, they hold substantial potential for storing energy at low costs in the future. TES technologies are...

This report is part of the 2023 Clean Energy Technology Observatory series and is focusing on smart thermal networks within the European Union (EU). It provides an overview of the current status, emerging trends, and the potential of this sector integration technology. Smart thermal networks...

Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO) provides an evidence-based analysis feeding the policy making process and hence increasing the effectiveness of R&I policies for clean energy technologies and solutions. It monitors EU research and innovation activities on clean energy technologies...

This report is part of an annual series from the Clean Energy Technology Observatory that address the status of technology development and trends, value chains and markets in the European Union and internationally. The present report aims to provide an overall integrated analysis of the clean...