Five of the world’s most active and largest sovereign wealth funds are to be found in the Gulf Region: the Saudi Public Investment Fund (PIF), the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) and the United Arab Emirates’ Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), Mubadala and ADQ. These funds not only...

The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (MHRSD) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the World Bank (WB) have been closely collaborating on disability-assessment reforms and adapting the Holistic Disability Assessment Approach to Best Fit the KSA context. The collaboration was...

This case study examines Saudi Arabia’s bold commitment to reimagining education and training through digital transformation, with FutureX as its flagship initiative. Across the globe, countries are working to equip their populations with skills needed for a rapidly changing world shaped by...

This report offers fresh insights into Saudi Arabia’s labor market transformation over the past decade, highlighting some of the accomplishments in reshaping employment outcomes achieved after implementation of Vision 2030 and the National Labor Market Strategy. Leveraging a rich dataset...

The rapid growth of the gig economy is reshaping traditional employment structures, creating new pathways for entrepreneurial activities, especially for women. Female entrepreneurship has always been a trending issue worldwide, particularly in developing conservative societies where females face...

The political, social and economic reforms spearheaded by Saudi Crown Prince Muhammad Bin Salman serve the goal of consolidating his rule in the long term. Bin Salman has centralised decision-making in his own hands and is in full control of the country’s politics. Authoritarianism under the...

Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) are crucial for economic growth (EG) by offering a broader perspective on development, moving beyond a sole focus on gross domestic product (GDP). SDIs encompass indicators related to social equity, EG, and environmental preservation, providing a more...

Franchising operates as a proven business model that drives substantial growth for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) worldwide. The franchise ecosystem in Saudi Arabia lacks sufficient research, despite established frameworks for success in markets such as the United States, the United...

This study examines how parental leadership, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial resilience-viewed through social capital theory-shape intentions around family business succession in Saudi Arabia. It also investigates the moderating role of the presence of older siblings,...

This article examines how the volatile oil price affected Saudi Arabia's and the other GCC countries' fiscal policy dynamics from 2000 and 2024. The region's fiscal systems are vulnerable to external shocks due to their substantial reliance on petroleum profits, even with ongoing efforts to...

This report proposes that vocational education has a key role to play in advancing skills development and correcting skill misalignment. In particular, the report focuses on the value of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in TVET in designing targeted skill interventions. Accordingly, it shows...

Background: Air traffic control is a stressful job and vital to aviation safety. Although technological developments have been introduced to enhance and facilitate the tasks of air traffic control officers (ATCOs), ATCOs still experience high levels of job stress. This study explores the...

This study investigates the relationships between proactive personality, psychological capital, work engagement, work well-being, and innovative work behavior among employees in Saudi public authorities, based on the conservation of resources theory and the job demands-resources model. Using a...

This article explores the economic and political implications of de-dollarization in Saudi oil transactions, by focusing on the European Union countries. It examines how an increased euro usage in these transactions influences the real exchange rate of the euro against the dollar and the volume...

Saudi Arabia announced its ambitious goal to produce around 50 % of its electricity from renewable energy sources as part of its Vision 2030. The impact of this country's energy policy on economic-related areas has been the subject of intense research in the last decade. The aim of the study is...

The Country Opinion Survey in Saudi Arabia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Saudi Arabia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private...

Continuous improvement (CI) is vital for Saudi manufacturing firms to remain competitive in the global market. However, cultural factors significantly influence CI adoption. This qualitative study, involving 28 interviews and focus groups with employees from five local manufacturing firms,...

Saudi Arabia's religious sites stimulate economic growth and create green jobs through sustainable tourism. Tourism expansion may raise carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to energy use. Thus, this article examines 1970-2019 time series data to assess how Hajj pilgrims, energy consumption, and...

Digitalization is emerging as a broader socio-technical transformation affecting businesses of all types. The paradigm shifts in digital technology have mandated new mindsets and approaches to managerial, leadership, and entrepreneurial competitiveness in organizations. Human capital with the...