This second edition of the European Maritime Transport Environmental Report (EMTER 2025) examines the progress made towards achieving Europe's decarbonisation targets and environmental goals for the maritime sector while indicating the most important trends, key challenges, and opportunities....

The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) spans over 6 000 km of coastline and 19 states. The region is rich in natural resources: it holds significant reserves of gas (2.7% of total world reserves) and oil (4.5%), as well as other valuable minerals including diamonds, tin, bauxite, manganese and cobalt. While...

The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) spans over 6 000 km of coastline and 19 states. The region is rich in natural resources: it holds significant reserves of gas (2.7% of total world reserves) and oil (4.5%), as well as other valuable minerals including diamonds, tin, bauxite, manganese and cobalt. While...

The Korean shipping industry, which underwent consolidation of shipping companies in the 1980s, continued to grow with the recovery of the global economy from the late 1980s to the first half of the 1990s. The civilian government that came to power after 30 years of military rule gradually...

Ship owners and operators are continuously seeking financially viable ways to comply with the Sulphur emission limits set out by the IMO, which calls for a reduction of sulphur content in ship fuel to less than 0.5% in 2020. The prudent decision in managing required energy sources by...

The Red Sea crisis has emerged as a critical flashpoint of the conflict in the Middle East, upending global trade and maritime transport, port activity in the MENA region, and ecological balance of the Red Sea. The MENA Economic Policy Prosperity team, in collaboration with the DEC Data Lab, has...

Seafaring continues to be risky despite the tremendous international effort to curb maritime accidents. While onboard, seafarers, as the principal human element in the maritime industry, must face myriad physical and mental stresses and dynamic safety challenges. So far, many of these challenges...

The international shipping sector is a vital part of the global trading system but also a large emitter of carbon dioxide emissions. In the absence of a multilateral carbon policy for the shipping sector, different countries are starting to impose unilateral measures to decarbonize maritime...

We examine the rise of dark shipping – oil tankers disabling AIS transceivers to evade detection – amid Western sanctions on Iran, Syria, North Korea, Venezuela, and Russia. Using a machine learning-based ship clustering model, we track dark-shipped crude oil trade flows worldwide and detect...

We study a multi-product maritime inventory routing problem (MIRP) with sailing time uncertainty. We explicitly consider the replanning that happens after uncertainty is revealed. The objective is to determine the stability of the adjusted plans after the occurrence of an uncertain event and to...

The main objective of this study was to improve the accessibility of the shipping sector to financing products and to understand the needs of the maritime sector in terms of financing products for its decarbonisation by developing an inventory of available financing products relevant to...

This paper investigates the role of shipping costs in global crude oil and refined petroleum markets and their effects on regional and country-level inflation and real activity. For this purpose a Global VAR (GVAR) model is estimated jointly for the oil and refined petroleum markets; this...

This publication contains the proceedings of the 25th International Transport & Air Pollution (TAP) and the 3rd Shipping & Environment (S&E) conference that took place in Gothenburg, Sweden, from the 25th to the 28th of September, 2023. The two joint conferences collected the main research...

This report focuses on Russia's adaptation in its commodity exports during 2023, amidst ongoing international sanctions. It examines the shifts in export and maritime shipping patterns, emphasizing coal, crude oil, and liquefied natural gas, and their redirection towards alternative,...

The need to decarbonize international aviation and maritime has long been overlooked. The two sectors account for a small but rapidly growing share of global CO2 emissions, and could rise to as much as 15 to 40 percent by 2040. Pricing these emissions could help global climate policy in two...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges that appear in maritime human resource management, in the face of the digitalized environment in maritime business, due to the diffusion of new technologies, such as big data analytics, blockchain technology, and future MASS technology. The...

Over the past few years, the direct management component of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) has contributed to the development of the EU Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP), by fostering integrated governance of maritime and coastal affairs, sustainable economic growth, employment,...

Over the past few years, the direct management component of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) has contributed to the development of the EU Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP), by fostering integrated governance of maritime and coastal affairs, sustainable economic growth, employment,...

This study investigates the potential role of a Knowledge and Innovation Community (KIC) in Water, Marine, and Maritime Sectors and Ecosystems (WMM) under the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The research addresses 1) the current challenges in WMM; 2) assessing scientific,...

This study investigates the potential role of a Knowledge and Innovation Community (KIC) in Water, Marine, and Maritime Sectors and Ecosystems (WMM) under the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The research addresses 1) the current challenges in WMM; 2) assessing scientific,...

Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) is a fundamental tool for a development of the Sustainable Blue Economy. It allows us to sustainably manage the use of our seas and oceans, to reduce conflicts, create synergies between human activities and ensure they take place in an efficient and safe way.

We explore the relationship between the returns of 45 dry bulk shipping company stock prices and the main 15 commodities that bulk carriers transport. Using a principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the commodities dataset and a panel methodology, we find that a change in...

The technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a cornerstone of the fourth industrial revolution. We adopt a machine learning approach to examine the effect of IoT technology on shipping business operations. Text mining and the probabilistic latent Dirichlet allocation are applied for...

Shipping is a highly cyclical, volatile, and unpredictable industry. In recent history, economic shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic have heavily disrupted supply chains and tested the resilience and adaptability of shipping lines from both operational and financial perspectives. Therefore, the...

The decarbonization of the shipping industry is a critical imperative in the global fight against climate change. Non-EU countries, being significant contributors to shipping emissions, play a crucial role in shaping the industry's sustainable future. However, securing funding for shipping...

The paper describes the contracting and logistics conditions contributing to the level of anchorage in the grain, coal and fertiliser export trades of Vancouver. Increases in the level of anchorage in these trades have created economic, environmental and governance issues. Comparison of the...

Pilot tests for (semi-)autonomous transport via inland waterways are already taking place in Belgium and other European countries. However, the full commercial implementation of autonomous inland shipping might be hampered by liability issues. The allocation of liability, especially...