Zimbabwe's impressive recovery since the 2019-20 COVID-19 recession has been slowed by the 2024 El-Niño-related drought. The fiscal deficit is projected to have fallen to below 3 percent in 2024. Challenges to finance the deficit persist, which has also put pressure on the newly introduced ZiG...

How can Zimbabwe create the necessary fiscal space to absorb quasi-fiscal expenditures, reverse its upward trend in public debt, and support macroeconomic stability? Zimbabwe is faced with an unsustainable and growing stock of public debt. To service this debt, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ)...

This paper uses a multi-methodological approach to measure the fiscal costs of monetary and exchange rate policy distortions in Zimbabwe. It identifies three channels through which these policy distortions affect tax revenue: the Olivera-Tanzi Effect (inflation-related tax payment lags), an...

Improving domestic revenue mobilization extremely important for Zimbabwe to create the fiscal space to absorb quasi-fiscal expenditures and support macroeconomic stability. In November 2023, Zimbabwe announced measures to raise additional tax revenue. This included limiting value-added tax (VAT)...

Literature on rebel governance has examined various ways in which rebels engage with civilians, build informal governing institutions, and exert social control during civil war. When rebels win, how does rebel governance affect post-war politics? This paper explores how varieties of insecurity...

This disaster risk finance (DFR) diagnostic was prepared by the World Bank Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice in response to a request from the Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) for a study to assess the institutional, legal, and financial planning for financing of disaster risk...

The paper proposes a novel framework for digitalising tax revenue for the Zimbabwe's informal economic sphere. The study addresses the pressing chalelnge of informal economy taxation, indetifying the absence of a modern (or contemporary) tax framework as a critical catalyst for this study. The...

Building and maintaining brand loyalty is crucial for every organisation in such competitive business environment and organisations in the hospitality industry are not spared. Hotels have made many efforts on branding to gain brand loyalty from their customers and recently they have carried...

Zimbabwe introduced the Zimbabwe Gold in April 2024, replacing the Zimbabwe dollar. In accordance with IMF Article IV, Section 2(a), regarding the obligations of members to notify the Fund of their exchange arrangements, Zimbabwe informed the Fund on April 29, 2024 of the introduction of a new...

As a follow-up to the 2019 FSSR, a hybrid remote TA mission supported the RBZ on finalizing the implementation of Basel III liquidity framework, with a particular focus on the NSFR. The mission reviewed the drafts of the NSFR regulation and the template for prudential reporting, supported the...

A severe drought is currently affecting southern Africa and the Zambezi basin, with extremely dry and warm conditions from October 2023 to March 2024. Heatwaves are exacerbating the impacts of the lack of precipitation. The average temperature is abnormally high, registering record values since...

The Country Opinion Survey in Zimbabwe assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Zimbabwe perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector,...

The aim of this report is to gather evidence that will identify priorities and actions by stakeholders towards positively influencing, up scaling and accelerating gender equality and women's empowerment in Zimbabwe. The report consolidates information on gender gaps and drivers of inequality in...

The study aims to investigate the challenges faced by smallholder maize farmers and identify the pivotal factors influencing the adoption of ICTs in agriculture. A blend of descriptive and probit regression analytical techniques is applied by analyzing cross-sectional survey data from a selected...

The study assessed the effect of supply chain risks and organisational competitiveness in corporate timber manufacturing companies in Mutare metropolitan region, Zimbabwe. The study was guided by the resource-based theory and a positivist philosophy. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was...

The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which brand consciousness and brand distinctiveness influence customer purchase decisions. The thrust was on interrogating whether there were any symbiotic relations between luxury beauty products’ brand consciousness, brand...

This paper aims to assess the effect of inventory control systems on performance of mining firms in Zimbabwe. A systematic literature review was used to review current and relevant scholarly work. The paper used a quantitative survey approach where a survey questionnaire was utilized to collect...

This country report provides a description of the emergence of a health care system under public responsibility in Zimbabwe. The inception of the health care system refers to the first legislation stipulating entitlements to medical care. The report also includes a brief description of major...

The World Bank Group's Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs) are a core diagnostic that integrates climate change and development. They help countries prioritize the most impactful actions that can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and boost adaptation and resilience, while...

This study seeks to analyze the impact of land reform on the export performance of tobacco, since the cash crop is a major foreign currency earner for Zimbabwe. A gravity model was adopted for the study using secondary panel data from 1992 to 2018. The findings show that 17.2% of the explanatory...

Background Medicine pricing in the community pharmacy sector in Zimbabwe significantly influences accessibility to health care. In this pilot survey, we investigated how community pharmacies in Zimbabwe apply various mark-up strategies to essential and non-essential medicines, and gathered...

The study investigates the determinants of tax revenue in Zimbabwe using the ARDL approach for the period 1980 to 2022. This study aims to offer a thorough summary of the different factors that influence tax revenue within the framework of economic and social factors. The variables included in...

The availability of bank loans is a vital component in determining the investment and spending patterns that influence economic growth. This article examines the threshold effect of loan growth on non-performing loans (NPLs) in the Zimbabwean banking industry during dollarization. The study...

This paper investigates the effects of cost efficiency on non-performing loans (NPLs) in Zim-babwe during dollarisation. The research applies the random effects and bootstrap quantile regression models using the full dollarisation era dataset for 13 banks from 2009 to 2017. The obtained results...

How does wartime victimization shape victims' political attitudes in the long run? We argue that violence increases politics' salience to victimized communities, which in turn increases these communities' political awareness and evaluation of governance quality decades after war has ended. We...

There is a plethora of literature on the role of the board and its impact on corporate performance. However, there is absence of literature about diversity of the board of directors and its corresponding impact on organisational performance for the insurance sector on Zimbabwe. Absence of such...

For many people, a pension fund represents a crucial source of financial security in their retirement years. But have you ever stopped to consider who is responsible for managing these funds and ensuring they are safeguarded for future generations? In Zimbabwe, pension fund trustees play a...

Farmers face both lack of reliable markets, on one hand, and skyrocketing input prices, on the other hand, suggesting the need of Contract Farming Arrangement (CFA) in enhancing tobacco productivity and technical efficiency. Thus, in this study, the paper interrogates the effect of CFA on...

By virtue of the stochastic nature of economic variables that exists today in any country, most nations are in a continuous attempt to increase their economic growth rates. Accurate foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows forecasting is certainly an inexpensive way to meet the aforementioned...

Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses. Entrepreneurs comprise a fundamental constituent of...

Green tourism, social media branding and technology adoption have recently become the most powerful elements in the tourism world during and post-COVID19 pandemic. This paper aims to investigate the effects of social media branding and technology adoption on green tourism with tourists’...