As part of the confirmation hearings process, Executive Vice-President-designate Henna Virkkunen responded in writing to questions posed by Parliament and appeared before the ITRE and IMCO committees on 12 November 2024 to answer further questions from MEPs belonging to those committees, as well...

As part of the confirmation hearings process, Executive Vice-President-designate Henna Virkkunen responded in writing to questions posed by Parliament and appeared before the ITRE and IMCO committees on 12 November 2024 to answer further questions from MEPs belonging to those committees, as well...

Die Vertiefung der Banken- und Kapitalmarktunion bleibt ein zentrales, aber unerfülltes Ziel europäischer Wirtschaftspolitik. Trotz regulatorischer Fortschritte verhindern nationale Unterschiede in der Umsetzung sowie der Widerstand einflussreicher Interessengruppen eine echte Integration....

Die Vertiefung der Banken- und Kapitalmarktunion bleibt ein zentrales, aber unerfülltes Ziel europäischer Wirtschaftspolitik. Trotz regulatorischer Fortschritte verhindern nationale Unterschiede in der Umsetzung sowie der Widerstand einflussreicher Interessengruppen eine echte Integration....

In just a few short months, the new government administration in the United States has thrown the world order into disarray. A potential global trade war, new global value chain configurations and shifting security alliances are reshaping geopolitics. Given the current uncertainty, access to...

Seit einigen Jahren wird diskutiert, wie Europas Souveränität gestärkt werden kann. Dieses Papier bringt drei Punkte in die Debatte ein. Erstens: Es gibt einen guten Grund, weswegen diese Absicht seit 2017 intensiv debattiert wird. Europas jüngere politische Ordnung, die Maastricht-EU,...

This annex is an integral part of the State of the Digital Decade 2024 report. It maintains the three-chapter structure from the 2023 report, focusing on competitiveness, people and society and smart greening, and introduces an additional chapter on synergising digital policies and spending....

This annex is an integral part of the State of the Digital Decade 2024 report. It maintains the three-chapter structure from the 2023 report, focusing on competitiveness, people and society and smart greening, and introduces an additional chapter on synergising digital policies and spending....

This paper challenges the prevailing view in the sovereign debt literature by arguing that sovereign debt markets, in many respects, behave similarly to other credit markets. These markets are hierarchical rather than flat, inherently hybrid in nature, blending elements of public order and...

The European Sovereignty Fund (EUSF) should invest in Europe's future by investing indirectly in start-ups and scale-ups via the existing Fund of the European Innovation Council (EIC). This would be concrete step to advance the aims of the recently agreed Strategic Technologies for Europe...

The era of energy interdependencies between Russia and the European Union (EU) is at an end. This paper advances a nuanced accounting of energy security based on energy sovereignty and energy solidarity. Energy solidarity requires a pooling of energy sovereignty based on values. A historical...

Seit einigen Jahren wird diskutiert, wie Europas Souveränität gestärkt werden kann. Dieses Papier bringt drei Punkte in die Debatte ein. Erstens: Es gibt einen guten Grund, weswegen diese Absicht seit 2017 intensiv debattiert wird. Europas jüngere politische Ordnung, die Maastricht-EU,...

Strengthening Europe’s sovereignty has become a much-debated policy goal. This paper adds three arguments to ongoing discussions. First, it is no coincidence that recent years have witnessed increasing debate around how to strengthen Europe’s sovereignty. The Maastricht-EU, Europe’s...

As compared to the earlier generations of mobile communications (1G to 4G), the fifth one (5G) is a major business, regulatory, and technical discontinuity. Furthermore, unlike the previous generations, 5G is also much more of a geopolitical and geoeconomic battleground. These shifts are neither...

We study the technology sovereignty of Europe, the US, China, Japan, and Korea. By examining citations from PCT patents filed from 2000-2020, we assess the bilateral and global influence of inventions. We highlight four insights. First, the US shows superior technology sovereignty through its...

The global economic landscape has fundamentally shifted from the paradigm of globalization to renewed concerns regarding the risks and rewards of technological interdependence. This shift has sparked a critical discussion on technology sovereignty. This concept refers to a country's ability to...

Unterbrochene Lieferketten im Zuge von COVID-19 und Russlands Angriff auf die Ukraine haben die geopolitischen Risiken der Beschaffung kritischer Rohstoffe und Produkte aus einer kleinen Zahl autoritärer Länder deutlich gemacht. Die EU hat eine Reihe von Aktivitäten eingeleitet, um einseitige...

TikTok bans have been presented as one solution to threats to national security, data security, foreign interference, child safety, and foreign espionage. In this article we investigate four countries/regions - Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union - that have...

The relationship between private and public money has shaped the economic and legal debate over money for centuries. Private money can either compete with or complement public money and this depends on the applicable law and the relative powers of the State and private parties. The rise of...

The study discusses the issues of tax sovereignty in the state, including specific forms of realization of tax sovereignty. The author examines the question of whether the cooperation among the states in the tax sphere and conclusion of international tax treaties can be considered as a proof of...

The dynamics of self-determination have increasingly demanded the attention of academics, policymakers, and the international community in general. This can be attributed to the new age of the communications revolution; peoples are increasingly aware of state systems and how they can be...

This work sheds new light on the Photovoltaic Supply Chain (PVSC), providing fresh evidence on strategic dependencies (SDs) and (asymmetrically distributed) technological capabilities. Bridging the perspectives of 'technological sovereignty' and 'strategic autonomy', a number of contributions...

This work sheds new light on the Photovoltaic Supply Chain (PVSC), providing fresh evidence on structural dependencies (SDs) and (asymmetrically distributed) technological capabilities. Bridging the perspectives of 'technological sovereignty' and 'strategic autonomy', a number of contributions...

In recent years, policymakers, academics, and practitioners have increasingly called for the development of global governance mechanisms for artificial intelligence (AI). This paper considers the prospects for these calls in light of two other geopolitical trends: digital sovereignty and digital...

This paper presents an exploration into the formulation of fiscal contracts under limited sovereignty, focusing specifically on the Palestinian Authority (PA). Utilising fiscal sociology and theories of governance, it analyses the dynamics dictating public revenues, taxation, and public service...

Cyber espionage has become a common method for states to gather confidential information in cyberspace. The vast interconnectedness of the Internet provides a target-rich environment for states to engage in low-risk collection of large amounts of data at an unprecedented speed and scale. Cyber...

This paper explores the main features of digital repression in Russia, especially in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The repression of digital activism is not a new phenomenon in Russia; however, it gained fresh momentum during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Security has been used as...