The tax and transfer system partially insures households against individual income risk. We build a framework to assess the size and (welfare) value of this partial insurance, which is based on exploiting distributional differences between household gross income and disposable income. Our...

Colombia has a complex legal framework meant to protect the population against basic risks through a combination of contributory and non-contributory social insurance. The population is almost perfectly split between them, with eligibility to participate in the latter determined by poverty....

Chile combines high income levels and strong human development outcomes with persistent inequality. This paper examines the country's social protection matrix, focusing on its institutional configuration, financial structure, and main outcomes. The analysis distinguishes three core components-...

Als "versicherungsfremd" werden üblicherweise Leistungen bezeichnet, die Sozialversicherungen unter Umständen gar nicht aufgabengerecht zugeordnet sind, die aber insbesondere zulasten der Versichertengemeinschaft fehlfinanziert werden. Im Folgenden wird der Versuch unternommen, ein Prüfschema...

Erwerbsfähige Personen, die arbeitslos sind oder über wenig Einkommen verfügen, können in Deutschland Leistungen der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende nach SGB II beziehen, um ihren Lebensunterhalt zu sichern. Dies gilt grundsätzlich auch für ältere Leistungsbeziehende bis zur...

Erwerbsfähige Personen, die arbeitslos sind oder über wenig Einkommen verfügen, können in Deutschland Leistungen der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende nach SGB II beziehen, um ihren Lebensunterhalt zu sichern. Dies gilt grundsätzlich auch für ältere Leistungsbeziehende bis zur...

The report assesses options as regards the management and operation of a new Unemployment Benefit Fund (UBF) in Eswatini. Two institutions have been proposed by the Government as potential operators - the Public Sector Pension Fund (PSPF) and the Eswatini National Provident Fund (ENPF). Based on...

Individuals vary considerably in how much they earn during their lifetimes. This study examines the role of the tax‐and‐transfer system in mitigating such inequalities, which could otherwise lead to disparities in living standards. Utilizing a life‐cycle model, we determine that the...

Als "versicherungsfremd" werden üblicherweise Leistungen bezeichnet, die Sozialversicherungen unter Umständen gar nicht aufgabengerecht zugeordnet sind, die aber insbesondere zulasten der Versichertengemeinschaft fehlfinanziert werden. Im Folgenden wird der Versuch unternommen, ein Prüfschema...

An idée fixe of Great Moderation economic policy was that central banks are only effective macroeconomic managers when they are segregated from electoral politics. That idea made a swift transition from radical heterodoxy to commonsensical orthodoxy during the 1980s and proved remarkably...

Female workers in China have a de jure right to maternity benefits, as enshrined in policy and legal documents since the 1950s. This article examines why this entitlement is not always de facto guaranteed as stipulated in the legislation. We use the conceptual framework of gradual institutional...

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the social security system and transfer expenditures in Türkiye in combating poverty. Social security systems aim to reduce the effects of poverty by ensuring that individuals meet their basic needs. Transfer expenditures in Türkiye, while...

Vietnam has witnessed impressive economic growth in recent decades, but it continues to have a large share of its workers in the informal sector. The lack of a labor contract for workers in the informal economy excludes them from payroll financed mandatory social insurance (SI) coverage. Among...

We analyse the decline in social insurance coverage in Egypt from 2007 to 2023 to determine the extent to which it was due to compositional shifts in the structure of the economy and workforce, or to changes in coverage for specific types of jobs and workers. We conclude that only a fraction of...

Sick pay compensates for income loss during illness. However, it may distort labor supply by affecting gross wages if paid by employers and net wages if financed by social insurance contributions. We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous, biologically founded health and...