A large body of research across management, psychology, accounting, and economics shows that subjective performance evaluations are systematically biased: ratings cluster near the midpoint of scales and are often excessively lenient. As organizations increasingly adopt large language models...

This paper studies the causal impact of language skills on human capital accumulation, labor market outcomes, and job characteristics of childhood immigrants across European countries. Using PIAAC data, we adopt an instrumental variable strategy based on the critical age hypothesis and...

In this paper, we present an approach to relate typological measures of language complexity (based on the grammars of different languages) with empirical measures of that complexity (based on actual texts). It is known as the "structure-conduct-performance paradigm", and we have taken it from...

A large body of research across management, psychology, accounting, and economics shows that subjective performance evaluations are systematically biased: ratings cluster near the midpoint of scales and are often excessively lenient. As organizations increasingly adopt large language models...

Politicians can adjust the complexity of their communication to signal different things to different audiences: more complex language can indicate competence, while lower complexity may bring them closer to "common people". These strategic shifts in complexity, however, remain understudied. We...

In this article, we evaluate the impact of a targeted fee subsidy program that reduced the registration cost of the Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) Spanish exam-a standardized regional assessment for high school leavers seeking to demonstrate language proficiency. The subsidy...

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between language background and labour market outcomes in the bilingual labour market of the Spanish region of Catalonia. The empirical analysis draws on repeated cross-sectional data that allow us to construct a quantitative measure of linguistic...

We estimate the effect of speaking Spanish as an additional language (SAL)—as opposed to speaking it as a native—on education, labor, and wellbeing outcomes among Mexico's indigenous ethno-linguistic minorities. Controls are appropriately comparable indigenous individuals who speak only...

We study whether large language models (LLMs) can generate suitable financial advice and which LLM features are associated with higher-quality advice. To this end, we elicit portfolio recommendations from 32 LLMs for 64 investor profiles, which differ in their risk preferences, home country,...

Energy cultures, broadly defined as shared beliefs, practices, and material preferences that shape energy-related behaviors, provide a useful framework for investigating consumption differences across population groups. We investigate how households' energy demand behavior differ across the...

Can an ethically justifiable decision-making process be facilitated through a machine moral agent in the form of advice? The premise revolves around decision votes explicitly solicited from human individuals and based on scenarios such as the Trolley Problem, reflected in data and processed...

Cox et al. (2023) investigated the acoustic features of infant-directed speech. They used Bayesian meta-analyses to investigate five acoustic features with data from 88 studies. In the present robustness reproduction, we first check if the reported results are reproducible based on the data and...

This paper is the first to provide, in the European context, credible causal estimates for the impact on educational achievement of a means-tested programme that subsidises school lunches. We use administrative data from the city of Barcelona for the whole universe of applications to the...

The digital transformation of communication media has been widely adopted and has reshaped institutional investor interactions. We examine how the linguistic concreteness of investors' questions adapts to online media and face-to-face communication, using textual analysis of investor-company Q&A...

We present results from a field experiment that tests the effects of varying gender and linguistic group composition on performance and on group-members' perception that their voice is heard when completing complex collaborative work within a low scrutiny environment. We randomize individuals...

This paper examines how translating school assignment information into parents' native languages affects school choice outcomes in Bremen, a city state in Germany, where a strategyincentivizing immediate acceptance mechanism is used. While translated information was made available to...

This article develops a novel economic sentiment indicator (LLM-ESI) by applying large language models to open-ended responses from Swiss business tendency surveys. Using a BERT-based transformer model, it extracts firmlevel sentiment from free-text survey comments and aggregates it into a...

We examine the uptake of GPT-assisted writing in economics working paper abstracts. Using data from the IZA DP series, we detect a clear stylistic shift after the release of ChatGPT-3.5 in March 2023. This shift is evident in core textual metrics-mean word length, type-token ratio, and...

This paper examines the impact of complex yet precise language, particularly financial jargon, on information dissemination and ultimately market efficiency. As a natural laboratory, we analyze the information exchanged during earnings conference calls, where we instrument jargon with the Plain...

We examine the uptake and measurable effects of GPT-assisted writing in economics working paper abstracts. Focusing on the IZA discussion paper series, we detect a significant stylistic shift following the public release of ChatGPT-3.5 in March 2023. This shift appears in core textual...