This report examines the economic impact of language policies in five multilingual European regions. It asserts that linguistic diversity is a valuable asset for regional development. It concludes that, to be effective, policies need to be practically embedded into daily life, such as in...

This report examines the economic impact of language policies in five multilingual European regions. It asserts that linguistic diversity is a valuable asset for regional development. It concludes that, to be effective, policies need to be practically embedded into daily life, such as in...

This report examines the economic impact of language policies in five multilingual European regions. It asserts that linguistic diversity is a valuable asset for regional development. It concludes that, to be effective, policies need to be practically embedded into daily life, such as in...

This report examines the economic impact of language policies in five multilingual European regions. It asserts that linguistic diversity is a valuable asset for regional development. It concludes that, to be effective, policies need to be practically embedded into daily life, such as in...

We study how linguistic mismatch between students' home languages and the language of instruction shapes learning productivity in linguistically diverse societies. We develop a framework in which linguistic distance acts as a multiplicative tax on educational production and derive...

The present survey is a way to gauge whether citizens agree with the European objectives towards multilingualism and if they are progressing in that direction. The survey addresses the language knowledge of Europeans, covering skills, use of languages and attitudes towards languages.

Why do we choose one language over another? Rival views see language frontiers as exogenous, driven by policy, or endogenous, determined by social, cultural and economic forces. We study language loss in nineteenth-century Ireland's bilingual society using individual-level data from the 1901...

In Europe exist over 200 languages of which only 24 are official languages of the EU. What effect do have minority and regional languages onto prosperity? Is there any correlation between the language use and regional GDP per capita? How does affect the meaning of an own regional language the...

Part I. Linguistic Diversity: Origins and Measurement -- 1. Whorfian Economics -- 2. Dynamic Models of Language Evolution: The Linguistic Perspective -- 3. Dynamic Models of Language Survival and Language Death: The Economic Perspective -- 4. The Role of Linguistic Diversity in Economics -- 5....

The development of artificial intelligence and machine learning is leading to a revolution in the way we think about economic decisions. The Economics of Language explores how the use of generative AI and large language models (LLMs) can transform the way we think about economic behaviour. It...

Die Vielsprachigkeit ist Ausdruck der "Einheit in Vielfalt" und der großen Achtung für die kulturellen und sprachlichen Identitäten in der Union. Erst sie verschafft dem Recht aller Bürger Geltung, sich in ihrer eigenen Sprache an die Unionsorgane zu wenden und in dieser Sprache eine Antwort...

Leveraging an established exercise in negotiation education, we build a novel dataset for studying how the use of language shapes bilateral bargaining. Our dataset extends existing work in two ways: 1) we recruit participants via behavioral labs instead of crowdsourcing platforms and allow...

The article is devoted to the role of the Russian language in the professional communication of an international economist. Economic activity is one of the main reasons for foreigners to learn Russian. Despite the difficult geopolitical situation, the Russian market continues to be a promising...

This paper examines the legal and political challenges to state formation in North Macedonia through analyzing the language use and linguistic rights of ethnic communities in North Macedonia. At first the paper gives a historical overview of the modalities of language rights protection in the...

"The Routledge Handbook of Language Policy and Planning is a comprehensive and authoritative survey, including original contributions from leading senior scholars and rising stars to provide a basis for future research in language policy and planning in international, national, regional and...

This study demonstrates a series of links between minority language skills, their economic return and their transmission across generations. Using a detailed matching procedure and different data sources, we estimate the likelihood of being employed for bilingual versus monolingual men for a...

Between 1898 and 1948, English was the language of instruction for most post-primary grades in Puerto Rican public schools. Since 1949, the language of instruction in all grades has been Spanish. We use this policy change to estimate the effect of English-intensive instruction on the...

Using new data on linguistic diversity across and within countries, we examine novel channels though which language affects trade patterns and economic welfare. We find that linguistic similarity within a country accounts for about 10 percent of estimated ‘home bias’, demonstrating the...

The present study looks at the micro-level language policy and how it is implemented in the state Moscow school with a high degree of ethnically diverse students. More specifically, we analyze the measures that the school administration takes as well as teachers’ educational practices when it...

Germany and Canada stand at polar ends of the scientific debate over language integration and ascension to citizenship. German naturalization, as of January 2000, contains an explicit language criterion for naturalization. The first German immigration act that will presumably come into effect on...

This paper uses two recent UK surveys to investigate labour market performance, the determinants of language proficiency, and the effect of language on earnings and employment probabilities of non-white immigrants. Our results show that language acquisition, employment probabilities, as well as...

In today's globalized world, people are increasingly mobile and often need to communicate across different languages. Learning a new language is an investment in human capital. Migrants must learn the language of their destination country, but even non-migrants must often learn other languages...

Distributions of language rights in multilingual settings are analyzed from a normative viewpoint in this chapter. If the cost structure of providing rights is concave in the number of beneficiaries, then a critical-mass criterion for the determination of an optimal rights structure results. It...

We analyze various normatively determined distributions of language rights in multilingual settings. A general model for the analysis of language rights over time in a model with overlapping generations is set up. This model is then first used to find efficient allocations of rights in the...

Social and economic integration of refugees are key to their personal fulfillment and to producing positive effects in the host country. We evaluate the impact of a reform that expanded and improved early language classes to refugees in Denmark while also temporarily lowering welfare benefits...

Having one common language could facilitate and reduce the cost of trading between different parties form different nations. In addition, it helps the economies to participate and benefit from the global economy. On the other hand, language policy, planning, and education are very important...

Language and culture are two important ingredients influencing the economic growth of the individual and society. They represent an important indicator of the individual’s satisfaction and quality of life. This paper is an attempt to answer Grin and Arcand’s (2013) observation that the part...