Events are a constant factor in daily life, fulfilling people with joy, experiences, and unforgettable memories. However, since the early 2000s, a major cloud lies over the festival and event industry. Multiple terror attacks, starting with the influential attack of the 11th of September 2001,...

This paper seeks to understand the impact of terrorism on taxation in Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique; its effects on state-building and consolidation; the reasons that led the terrorist group to collect taxes illegally; and finally, the role of the solidarity of the (Muslim) elite in the face...

The EU TE-SAT 2025 provides a situational overview, presenting figures, major developments and trends in the terrorism landscape in the EU in 2024. The report is based on qualitative and quantitative data provided by Member States on terrorist attacks, arrests, convictions, and penalties for...

This report represents the Genocide Prosecution Network's continuous focus on contributing to the legal response to and prosecution of FTFs and female returnees. It builds on its 2020 report which highlighted the importance of prosecuting FTFs, not just for terrorism-related offences but also as...

This report represents the Genocide Prosecution Network's continuous focus on contributing to the legal response to and prosecution of FTFs and female returnees. It builds on its 2020 report which highlighted the importance of prosecuting FTFs, not just for terrorism-related offences but also as...

We investigate the effect of anti-immigration attitudes on immigration plans to Europe. We propose a new instrument for attitudes toward immigration, namely, the number of country nationals killed in terrorist attacks taking place outside of Europe. Our first-stage results confirm that such...

This paper investigates the political economy of veto overrides, with a focus on the 2016 override of President Obama's veto of the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA). The Act, which allows victims of the 9/11 attacks to pursue legal action against foreign governments involved in...

Based on a transnational case study of an informal value transfer system that UK law enforcement authorities were able to detect, this doctrinal and qualitative study explores the regulation, supervision and enforcement of unlicensed/unregistered hawala operators and similar service providers...

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of terrorism on gender inequality in politics for a panel of 180 countries over the period 2000-2020. Using generalized method of moments in a system, the results obtained reveal that terrorism reduces women's political representation, thereby...

Elections in fragile democracies are not merely contests over policy but battles for control over state resources, including foreign aid. Aid provides local governments with substantial discretionary funds, creating strong incentives for rent-seeking political actors to capture political office....

We investigate the effect of anti-immigration attitudes on immigration plans to Europe. We propose a new instrument for attitudes toward immigration, namely, the number of country nationals killed in terrorist attacks taking place outside of Europe. Our first-stage results confirm that such...

This article analyses the expansion of Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) across the Sahara-Sahel, using the transplantation framework from criminology to explore how the group relocated. By focussing on this case study, the article offers an examination of how JNIM strategically embedded...

This paper analyses the legal frameworks in Kenya and Uganda, and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) guidelines to ascertain if they are effective in minimising money laundering activities and keeping the countries off of FATF's grey list. The study implements the Two-Pillar methodology that...

This study has three main objectives. The first is to analyse the measures taken by Member States to tackle the abuse or misuse of non-profit organisations (NPOs) for terrorist financing (TF) purposes, in particular those taken in response to the recommendations in the European Commission's 2005...

The European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report (EU TE-SAT) 2025 is a situational overview, which presents aggregated figures and describes the major developments and trends in the terrorism landscape in the EU in 2024. This situation report is based on both qualitative and quantitative...

In the preceding 11 years, Turkey has witnessed 925 terrorist incidents, resulting in the unexpected passing of 1,439 people. Concurrently, the neighbouring nations, Syria, and Iraq, have also experienced a multitude of terrorist activities. This study's main objective is to explore how these...

This study investigates the link between terrorist attacks and public interest in radical Islam and violent extremism, using monthly data from 150 countries between 2004 and 2015. Employing a dynamic common correlated effects (DCCE) estimator to account for potential cross-country correlations,...

This article develops and tests a theory of criminal governance, examining how drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) use bribery and violence to dominate resource-rich regions and counter state interventions. The study draws on data on over 500 political assassinations and 156 lethal attacks on...

Die Europäische Kommission erwägt seit 2024, die Zuständigkeiten und Aktivitäten von Europol auszubauen. Das Personal der Agentur soll dabei verdoppelt und ihr Mandat um drei Themen erweitert werden - Sabotage, Desinformation und hybride Bedrohungen. Angepeilt werden eine noch zu...

This study investigates the transnational drivers of terrorism mortality through the lens of global governance, focusing on countries most affected by terrorism during the study period (1995-2023), identified dynamically using Global Terrorism Index rankings across multiple years rather than a...

This study uncovers a powerful, yet overlooked geographic dimension to terrorism’s macroeconomic impact. Our findings reveal that terror's harm to FDI is profoundly shaped by attack location. Using Pakistan as a case study we show that assaults on economic and political centers cause far...

Drones are among the most recent evolutions in warfare, used to respond to or deter insurgent activity and to serve as substitutes for direct troop engagement. We empirically evaluate the effect of drone and air strikes as a deterrent for terrorist attacks, using Somali and Yemeni data from 2016...

Die Europäische Kommission erwägt seit 2024, die Zuständigkeiten und Aktivitäten von Europol auszubauen. Das Personal der Agentur soll dabei verdoppelt und ihr Mandat um drei Themen erweitert werden - Sabotage, Desinformation und hybride Bedrohungen. Angepeilt werden eine noch zu...

Die durch Putsche etablierten Militärregime in Mali (2020), Burkina Faso (2022) und Niger (2023) stellen Deutschland und seine europäischen Partner vor Zielkonflikte und Dilemmata. Entsprechend viel Zeit benötigen die Europäer, einen angemessenen Kurs gegenüber den Militärregimen...

Mehrere jihadistische Anschläge haben in den letzten Monaten gezeigt, dass sich die Gefahr durch islamistische Terroristen in Europa verschärft. Die meisten "erfolgreichen" Attentate wurden von Einzeltätern verübt, die über keine oder nur schwache Verbindungen zu Organisationen wie dem...

We develop a sequentially variant Blotto game with one-sided and incomplete information to investigate strategic interactions between a defender and an attacker whose target site values are unknown. The defender first allocates defensive resources before the attacker decides a probability...

This study investigates the impact of terrorism on financial markets, focusing specifically on Turkey's sovereign Credit Default Swap (CDS) premiums from 2011 to 2017 - period characterized by frequent and diverse terrorist activities. Employing an EGARCH model with dummy variables for various...

A terrorist attack, planned to take place in France on 1 July 2018, was prevented through the actions of the Belgian authorities and their partners in Germany, France and Luxembourg. Based on information from their security services, the law enforcement services initiated an investigation at the...

Money laundering and reverse money laundering, also known as terrorism financing, have emerged as critical issues in the 21st century, posing threats to security, economic stability, and the integrity of financial systems. This article explores the growing use of anonymous shell companies as a...

This report summarizes findings and recommendations from a Fund CD mission in Uganda from August 28 to September 1, 2023, in response to a request from the Bank of Uganda (BoU), focusing on AML/CFT measures. Key areas of focus included reviewing the legal and regulatory frameworks, developing...

We study the effect of terrorist attacks on the migration discourse in the European Parliament (EP). First, using an LLM model, we develop an original dataset on sentiments of all parliamentary speeches concerning migration for 2009-2019, building on a novel dataset by Sylvester et al. (2023)....

In a post land reformenvironment, violence and redistribution are substitutes for an opportunistic incumbent attempting industrialization. We setup a theoretical model to explore this relationship for individual and group level violence across two types of policy driven post...