This paper estimates the causal effect of renewable water conditions and water use on violent conflict in rural agrifood systems. We implement a fixed-effects instrumental variables strategy that uses plausibly exogenous temperature and precipitation shocks to instrument multiple water outcomes....

Purpose - Egypt could face total water depletion by 2050 due to the current waterscarcity of aboutseven billion cubic meters. Climatic shocks worsen this crisis, alongside Ethiopia's unilateral construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). This has caused a stalemate, raising...

Water resource management (WRM) is foundational to sustainable development, economic growth, and poverty reduction, yet water resources are under increasing pressure from climate change, population growth, and competing demands across sectors. This report examines how the World Bank Group has...

Limited access to safe and proximate water remains a defining constraint in Haiti, where access to piped water remains limited and school enrollment is not universal. Using a pseudo-panel constructed from four rounds of the Haiti Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we estimate the causal...

This paper investigates the relationship between piped water access and food consumption in Pakistan utilizing the nationally representative Household Integrated Economic Survey. Access to piped water reduces exposure to waterborne illness, improving health and labor productivity, which can...

Water investments play an increasingly important role in sustainable finance, yet their response to climate policy uncertainty (CPU) under different market conditions remains poorly understood. This study examines the regime-dependent influence of CPU on water equity performance using monthly...

Freshwater resources are vital for environmental health and human societies. Understanding their current status and future trends is critical for developing sustainable solutions. This study examines water quantity and quality on global and regional scales, with a specific focus on Germany. To...

Water poses significant risks to global corporations in three areas: Direct operational and supply chain risks, market and reputational risks, and regulatory risks. The 2030 Water Resources Group (WRG), a partnership platform managed by the World Bank, believes it is in companies' business...

Each year, water pollution accounts for 1.8 million deaths and costs businesses an estimated 425 billion dollars. The 2030 Water Resources Group (WRG) supports industries and utilities to use water more efficiently and recycle more of the freshwater they consume. By changing incentives,...

One in three cities is at high risk of water stress. The 2030 Water Resources Group (WRG) helps cities prevent, respond to, and recover from water crises. This is done by facilitating partnerships between governments and businesses to manage water more effectively and create resilient and...

Agriculture is a thirsty business, accounting for 70 percent of global freshwater withdrawals - and climate change makes it harder for farmers to produce enough to feed the planet. The 2030 Water Resources Group (WRG) advances sustainable water use in agriculture and builds food systems that are...

Africa's rapidly increasing population, expanding economies, and changing climate are driving increased water demand, while outdated data systems hinder effective management. Remote sensing technology offers a solution by providing continuous, reliable data for water planning and monitoring. The...

Water input in copper mining varies substantially across sites worldwide, with implications for local sustainable resource management. We quantify water use in global copper mining at unprecedented spatial resolution, using machine learning to estimate site-level water withdrawal and identify...

Household food waste poses a serious threat to planetary boundaries, particularly regarding water use, since it translates directly into unnecessary consumption of virtual water, contributing to freshwater depletion and threatening water security in water-scarce regions. This study examines how...

The entire coastal Bangladesh faces significant challenges in maintaining a consistent supply of freshwater due to salinity intrusion and various climatic hazards. This study aimed to assess the sources, consumption patterns, and challenges in freshwater management across three coastal villages....

The Environmental Footprint (EF) methods endorsed by the European Commission offer standardized metrics for assessing the environmental impacts of products and organizations within the EU. This report details the findings from the Agricultural Working Group (AWG), Milestone 4, which focuses on...

The Drinking Water Directive (DWD) concerns the quality of water intended for human consumption. It aims to protect human health through setting quality standards for drinking water to keep it clean and safe. Standards are set for microbiological, chemical and indicator parameters for drinking...

The purpose of this manual is to assist in the preparation of Drinking Water Directive notification of intention dossiers using IUCLID. The manual provides you with detailed and practical instructions on how to generate a substance dataset and outlines the IUCLID sections to be filled in and to...

A key challenge in modeling water scarcity in computable general equilibrium (CGE) models is getting the substitution elasticity between water and the other inputs right. This paper develops a novel method to derive the values of the substitution elasticity between water and land by implementing...

This paper provides an analysis of water heating within South Africa's residential energy demand. Using MAED, this work models four scenarios to examine the impact of varying degrees of governmental intervention and policy implementation, specifically SANS10400-XA2, on water heating energy...

The recast Drinking Water Directive (EU) 2020/2184 empowers the European Commission (EC) to adopt a methodology to measure microplastics in water intended for human consumption. When the directive entered into force in January 2021, no suitable standardised or harmonised methodologies were...

The Drinking Water Directive (DWD) concerns the quality of water intended for human consumption. It aims to protect human health through setting quality standards for drinking water to keep it clean and safe. Standards are set for microbiological, chemical and indicator parameters for drinking...

The Drinking Water Directive (DWD) concerns the quality of water intended for human consumption. It aims to protect human health through setting quality standards for drinking water to keep it clean and safe. Standards are set for microbiological, chemical and indicator parameters for drinking...

The Water Resilience Experiment aims to contribute to the European Commission's Water Resilience Strategy through the lens of design for policy and behavioural insights. The project focused on increasing cross-DG collaboration around the water topic and reducing the policy-implementation gap by...

The Water Resilience Experiment aims to contribute to the European Commission's Water Resilience Strategy through the lens of design for policy and behavioural insights The project focused on increasing cross DG collaboration around the water topic and reducing the policy implementation gap by...

IWW, TZW, University of Copenhagen, and Örebro University have been selected by the European Commission (EC or Commission) to perform services to develop and draft technical guidelines on PFAS under the recast Drinking Water Directive (DWD). This final report covers a short summary of the...

This study aims to offer an in-depth analysis of water scarcity, availability, and usage in the face of climate change. By employing a comprehensive foresight methodology that includes an extensive literature review, qualitative and quantitative data analysis, and broad stakeholder consultation,...

The Water Resilience Experiment aims to contribute to the European Commission's Water Resilience Strategy through the lens of design for policy and behavioural insights. The project focused on increasing cross-DG collaboration around the water topic and reducing the policy-implementation gap by...

This briefing provides information on the quality of Europe's bathing waters and is complemented by a map viewer to help people make informed decisions about where to bathe. It is published in the context of the European Union's zero pollution action plan and is based on analysis of data...

This report maps the use level of Earth observations (EO, satellite observations) in ecological status assessment for WFD (ES). Altogether 45 experts from 22 European countries replied to a survey, and 100 participants discussed its outcomes in a Workshop (9-11/2024). According to the survey, EO...

This paper investigates strategies to expand piped water and sewer through private providers. Using billing data from a major provider in Brazil and a structural model of consumer sanitation demand and service expansion, we assess the viability of connection targets and the welfare effects of...