I study a formal mechanism that can sustain Pareto optimality in a new and very broad class of dilemma games. In the absence of a central authority that could enforce multilateral agreements, the mechanism is based on binding unilateral commitments, which condition a playerís (possibly...

International environmental agreements (IEAs) often condition entry into force on ratification by a minimum number of countries, yet deep environmental commitments frequently face strong domestic political resistance. We study how IEA breadth, through minimum ratification thresholds (MRTs), and...

The fossil-fuel foreign policy of the United States under President Donald Trump has intensified the conflict between petrostates and electrostates in international climate politics. At COP30 in Belém in November 2025, this cleavage was particularly evident in the dispute over a roadmap for the...

The Paris Agreement is designed to increase climate ambition gradually through a process of ratcheting up. What is the plausible endpoint of this process? We develop a tractable integrated assessment model in which countries interact through a decentralized general equilibrium and negotiate...

Metal markets are an important but understudied aspect of the global energy transition. This paper demonstrates differential metal price responses to the Paris Agreement based on their role in the energy transition. We use a difference-in-differences design with daily price data from 2001 to...

We study how international environmental agreements can take advantage of domestic time-inconsistency problems. Policymakers often prefer future policies to be sustainable, but are tempted to invest less when being in office. We find the equilibrium number of signatory countries to be higher...

Countries' current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement leave a substantial gap to the emissions reductions needed to limit global warming to 2°C. Böhringer et al. (2025) showed the large emissions reduction potential of global emissions trading even if...

The Education for Climate Coalition is a flagship initiative of the European Education Area and the Green Deal hosted by the European Commission. As a community of practice, it enriches both the Council recommendation on learning for the green transition and sustainable development and the...

The EU's Global Agreement with Mexico will support the EU farming community by removing prohibitive Mexican tariffs on key EU agri-food exports and protecting 568 tradition EU products (geographical indications) from imitation. y Mexico is the second biggest importer of EU agri-food products in...

The EU's Global Agreement with Mexico will support the EU farming community by removing prohibitive Mexican tariffs on key EU agri-food exports and protecting 568 tradition EU products (geographical indications) from imitation. y Mexico is the second biggest importer of EU agri-food products in...

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is dangerously exposed to mounting climate challenges and is an increasingly significant contributor to their proliferation. The region is highly vulnerable to rising temperatures and sea levels, extreme weather events, and environmental...

The present endeavour attempts to assess the impact of increased carbon emissions on the global mean annual temperature by employing an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) on time series data for 1970-2020. The study aims to predict the expected increase in global mean temperature until...

We study coalition formation with externalities under voluntary, non-binding participation. Motivated by climate agreements, where standard modeling predicts small, inefficient coalitions, we propose a new solution concept - the self-enforcing stable set. It synthesizes the self-enforcing logic...

We provide a counterfactual impact analysis of the Kyoto binding targets-as international environmental policy intervention-on green productivity growth. We also examine the possible channels that could explain the Kyoto effects on the change in green productivity. Recognizing the cooperative...

The Education for Climate Coalition is a flagship initiative of the European Education Area and the Green Deal hosted by the European Commission. As a community of practice, it enriches both the Council recommendation on learning for the green transition and sustainable development and the...

The regulatory landscape related to carbon credits is dynamically evolving. Even though the global market for carbon credits remains relatively limited compared to the ones created by emission trading systems, it can still play an important and complementary role in fostering positive climate...

The 29th Climate Change Conference (COP29) in Baku revealed a shift in the balance of power in international climate politics following the US elections. While China played a constructive role in the negotiations on international climate finance, vulnerable countries were forced to make painful...

This paper evaluates the impact of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade's Agreement on Agriculture (GATT AA) on outcomes outlined as its sustainability goals. They include adopting and sustaining agricultural practices to lower fertilizer pollution from nitrogen and phosphate, as well as...