Social cooperatives, which are an important pillar of the solidarity economy, have become increasingly popular and common in Hungary over the past 10 years, especially in disadvantaged settlements, where the administrative burden of public employment is outsourced to social cooperatives....

This study ofers valuable insights for educational institutions by comparing the entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of international and local students in Hungary and analyzing the impact of entrepreneurial self-efcacy on their EI. A quantitative empirical approach was conducted to collect a total...

This study examines price transmission dynamics in the Hungarian pork market from 2017 to 2023, focusing on the effects of price controls implemented to combat inflation. Inflation and price control policies have been central topics in economic research due to their significant impacts on market...

Background: Extensive research highlights the economic benefits of collaboration among parcel delivery service providers, yet mutually advantageous cooperative arrangements remain limited in Hungary's online shopping sector. Service providers typically prefer to operate independently rather than...

The purpose of the paper is to present the results of the research on the potential inclusion of different types of crypto assets, such as Bitcoin, NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), and DeFi (Decentralised Finance), within optimal portfolios to help reduce variance or increase returns compared to...

Die Debatte in der Europäischen Union (EU) über die Ausweitung von Mehrheitsentscheidungen geht in eine neue Runde. Insbesondere Deutschland sucht unter dem Eindruck der teils schwierigen Entscheidungsfindung in der Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik sowie unter der Perspektive künftiger...

This study compares Indonesia's and Hungary's legal and humanitarian approaches to managing the 2015-2022 refugee crisis and proposes an exit strategy for Indonesia's refugee handling. Indonesia faces challenges due to the maximum detention duration stipulated in its Immigration Law No. 6/2011,...

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of government interventions in lowering income inequality in post-communist economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The focus is set on three key policy instruments: progressive income taxation, social transfers, and minimum wage...

The 2019 VET Act, based on the VET 4.0 Strategy, reformed Hungary's vocational education and training (VET) system. VET was legally and administratively separated from general education, supporting closer cooperation with the economy. The Ministry of Culture and Innovation oversees VET, with...

This short description explores vocational education and training (VET) in Hungary within its socioeconomic context, discussing key characteristics, system developments and challenges. Hungary's VET system oers upper secondary programmes in school-based forms, incorporating dual training, and...

The Education and Training Monitor's country reports present and assess the main recent and ongoing policy development at all education levels in the 27 EU Member States. They give the reader more in-depth insight into the performance of a country as regards the EU-level targets agreed within...

The Education and Training Monitor's country reports present and assess the main recent and ongoing policy development at all education levels in the 27 EU Member States. They give the reader more in-depth insight into the performance of a country as regards the EU-level targets agreed within...

The Education and Training Monitor's country reports present and assess the main recent and ongoing policy development at all education levels in the 27 EU Member States. They give the reader more in-depth insight into the performance of a country as regards the EU-level targets agreed within...

The Industry Roundtable, hosted by eu-LISA in Budapest, marked a decade of fostering collaboration between EU institutions, Member States, and the private sector. This year's hybrid event spotlighted the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in justice and home affairs,...

This study examines the impact of populism on central bank communication, with a focus on theoretical developments and the specific case of Hungary. Populism, characterised by the opposition between ‘the pure people’ and ‘the corrupt elite’, challenges traditional institutions, including...

The European Green Deal aims for a 90% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions for transport. Different policies are in place to achieve this goal, including standards on CO2 vehicle emissions, public procurement rules, or the recently adopted Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR)....

On 1 January 2025, the Transit Agreement, which has provided political, commercial, technical and legal grounds for the transit of Russian gas across Ukraine during 2020-24, will expire. Once it happens – and if no extension or alternative transit arrangement are agreed – the transit will...

The Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) is a research tool that is designed to identify potential risks to media pluralism in the Member States of the European Union and in Candidate Countries. This narrative report has been produced on the basis of the implementation of the MPM that was carried out...

Hungary is a country of around 10 million people. Fifteen years after its political transition into democratic pluralism, Hungary became a member of the EU. The creation of democratic laws and institutions has been accompanied by increasing awareness of the principle of equal treatment, but the...

This Fact Sheet forms part of a series of 27 Fact Sheets, each one providing data insights into the twin transition and the technological performance of industrial ecosystems of a specific EU Member State. It has been prepared within the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' (EMI) project...

The JRC has established a strong and productive partnership with Hungary in the fields of nuclear and radioactivity monitoring. Through this collaboration, the JRC has worked closely with Hungary's national authorities, research institutions and other stakeholders to exchange knowledge, share...

The JRC has established a strong and productive partnership with Hungary in the fields of nuclear and radioactivity monitoring. Through this collaboration, the JRC has worked closely with Hungary's national authorities, research institutions and other stakeholders to exchange knowledge, share...

The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the framework of economic policies covering the European Union (EU) - including both euro area and non-euro area countries. The principal long-term aim of the EMU is the economic convergence for the EU over three successive stages. Once a country reaches...

The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the framework of economic policies covering the European Union (EU) - including both euro area and non-euro area countries. The principal long-term aim of the EMU is the economic convergence for the EU over three successive stages. Once a country reaches...

This report documents the work done in the most recent annual update for Hungary. This work was carried out by the EUROMOD core development team, based at the JRC in Seville, in collaboration with the national team.

This Flash Eurobarometer, 'Public opinion in the EU regions' (FL539), was conducted at the request of the Directorate-General for Communication. The survey is designed to assess the views of EU citizens living in each of 194 individual regions across the 27 EU Member States. The survey was built...

Twenty years ago, Hungary found its way back where it had always belonged historically and culturally: by joining the European Union on 1 May 2004, it reaffirmed its place in Europe. As a member of the EU, Hungary has flourished, thanks to investments in infrastructure and greater economic...

Twenty years ago, our European family grew bigger. On 1 May 2004, the citizens of Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia became citizens of the EU. Overnight, our Union became a greater political, economic and cultural entity, stretching from...

The Hungarian legal system is a continental legal system following primarily German legal traditions. It is governed by a strict statutory hierarchy, in which lower-level statutes must never contradict higher ranking statutes. The most important principles are laid down by the Fundamental Law of...

This unique insight into the corporate investment in Hungary examines companies' finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2023 edition also provides insight into the pressing issues facing firms, such as climate change, high energy costs and the green transition. The survey, which has...

This VET policy brief produced by Cedefop presents a snapshot of vocational education and training policy developments in Hungary between 2020 and the beginning of 2023. It presents the context and the challenges the country faces, a selection of the latest VET-related statistics, as well as the...

In recent years, Hungary's non-financial corporations were confronted with multiple shocks, ranging from the pandemic and rising geopolitical tensions to the historic tightening of domestic monetary policy. Employing machine learning techniques, this paper examines the determinants of Hungarian...

Hungary is gradually converging to the average income level of the EU, but regional disparities remain persistently high and may worsen with the digital and green transitions. This paper employs income convergence and growth decomposition techniques to pin down the drivers of regional...

The calibration of monetary policy is particularly challenging at a time of large shocks. Interest rates in Hungary rose sharply in response a significant increase in inflation and depreciation in the forint in 2022. As inflationary pressures have eased, the base rate has been reduced but...

Hungary is emerging from a period of shocks. The pandemic, Russia's war in Ukraine, and crisis-related stimulus widened fiscal and external imbalances and triggered double-digit inflation in 2022. Thanks to an effective monetary policy response aided by falling commodity prices and a tighter...

By considering the expansion of the timber trade in southeast Europe as a resource frontier, this article explores the relationships between the transformation of the technical and material conditions of forest exploitation and the development of its labour force. Previous studies have...