This paper shows that immigrants not only have differential effects on trade based on their skill levels but that they play an additional role in facilitating bilateral trade if their origin country has a higher level of corruption and weaker institutions. Using immigrant stock across skill...

In "Immigration, search and redistribution: A quantitative assessment of native welfare," a paper by Battisti et al. published in the August 2018 issue of the Journal of the European Economic Association, the authors inquire about how migration to 20 Organization for Economic Cooperation and...

This study examines the labor market impacts of Canada's 2014 reforms to the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP), which introduced stricter limits on hiring low-skilled foreign workers. Using a difference-in-differences framework with Labour Force Survey data from 2005 to 2019, we compare...

This report presents the findings from the first (micro) phase of the thematic country review (TCR) on upskilling pathways (UP) in Croatia. It captures the perspectives of both the beneficiaries of the initiatives under review and the stake-holders involved in their implementation. The TCR on UP...

Immigration continues to shape labor market dynamics, yet its gender-specific effects remain understudied. This study revisits the Mariel Boatlift, when about 125,000 Cubans arrived in Miami in 1980, increasing the local labor supply by 7%, to examine its impact on native women's labor market...

This paper discusses the potential introduction of permanent public subsidies to supplement the wages of low-paid workers in Italy, taking inspiration from Edmund Phelps' ideas on supporting the working poor. We consider how a negative taxation scheme for low-wage earners might address...

Firms increasingly contract out a wide range of activities that were previously done in-house, such as cleaning, security, logistics, and catering. This paper provides evidence on the impact of outsourcing on workers' earnings and possible reasons that firms outsource by estimating panel data...

This study is an explorative examination of changes in employment, revenue, and firm structure for low, mid, and high-skill firms in urban and rural areas in Sweden from 2007 to 2019, using skill groups based on education levels. For employment in Sweden in general, we find evidence of job...

According to the skill-biased technological change theory, the technological intensity of the imported input used in manufacturing may affect labor demand. This study examines the impact of imported inputs with different technological intensities on the absolute and relative demand for skilled...

The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented financial distress for workers globally, particularly in developing economies with large informal labor markets. This study examines the coping mechanisms adopted by low-skilled platform (gig) and nonplatform workers in India to navigate financial...

The rise of the gig economy and digital platforms has transformed labor markets globally, particularly in emerging economies like India. Platform work, often heralded for its flexibility and accessibility, has become a significant source of income for low-skilled workers, many of whom are...

15% der Menschen in der Schweiz verfügen über geringe Kompetenzen in den Bereichen Lesen, Rechnen und adaptives Problemlösen. Dies entspricht ungefähr 844 000 Personen. Diese Kompetenzen sind jedoch von entscheidender Bedeutung, da sie als Grundlage angesehen werden, die notwendigen...

Die Studie untersucht die Herausforderungen, die aus den massiven Abgängen der Arbeitskräfte ab 55 Jahren in den nächsten 5 bis 10 Jahren resultieren können, sowie den zusätzlichen Bedarf in Berufen, insbesondere im Kontext von Digitalisierung, Ökologisierung und dem Ersatzbedarf in...

Over the last thirty years, there have been significant changes in several empirical measures of local labor market monopsony power. A monopsonist has a profit incentive to offer lower wages to local workers. High skilled mobile workers can avoid these lower wages by moving to other more...

The US and French job polarization appear similar based on employment shares by task. This study shows that they are different when per capita employment by task is used to identify the sources of these structural changes. We build a multi-sectorial general equilibrium model with search...

The Initiative for coal regions in transition has developed this toolkit as part of its knowledge products to assist practitioners in coal regions (including peat and oil shale regions) across Europe. The aim of this toolkit is to help stakeholders to address the upskilling and reskilling needs...

This paper studies how aggregate labor market conditions affect the intragenerational assimilation of immigrants in the hosting country. Using data from the American Community Survey, we leverage variation in the forecast errors for national and local unemployment rates in the US at the time of...

We evaluate the impact of hiring subsidies for unemployed jobseekers in Wallonia, the Frenchspeaking region in the south of Belgium. The special feature of these subsidies is that they are more readily available for low-educated youths, who are eligible from registration as a jobseeker or a few...

This final report on thematic country reviews (TCRs) on upskilling pathways, conducted in France from 2021 to 2023, serves as a valuable resource for policy-makers, social partners, and all stakeholders involved in upskilling. It summarises the outcomes of the second (meso) and third (macro)...

Job polarization has been proven mainly in the United States and many Western European countries, but the Czech Republic has been relatively neglected in these surveys. This paper explicitly focuses on the Czech Republic and fills this gap from 2004-2017. Moreover, the Czech Republic is examined...

The permanent restructuring of the economy, exacerbated by the digital transition and combined with labour market dualization, is progressively increasing semi- and low-skilled workers' risk of marginalization. This article analyses how countries balance employment and equality concerns in core...

Over the last thirty years, there have been significant changes in several empirical measures of local labor market monopsony power. A monopsonist has a profit incentive to offer lower wages to local workers. High skilled mobile workers can avoid these lower wages by moving to other more...

Utilizing comprehensive administrative data from Brazil, we investigate the impact of peer effects on wages, considering both within-gender and cross-gender dynamics. Since the average productivity of both individuals and their peers is unobservable, we estimate these values using worker fixed...

Die 3D-Transformation - Digitalisierung, demografischer Wandel und Dekar- bonisierung – stellt neue Anforderungen an Arbeitskräfte in diversen Bran- chen und Berufen. Besonders betroffen von den Veränderungen durch die Dekarbonisierung ist das Ausbaugewerbe, das eine zentrale Rolle bei der...

As workforces in high-income countries age and shrink, immigrants increasingly fill entry-level, low-skilled jobs. We examine what happens when this labor supply is abruptly reduced, exploiting South Korea's sudden suspension of its low-skilled guest worker program following the 2020 COVID-19...

In der aktuellen KOFA-Studie hat das KOFA die Qualifizierung von Helferinnen und Helfern als Potenzial zur Fachkräftesicherung analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch eine Qualifizierung arbeitsloser An- und Ungelernter, die nach Tätigkeiten suchen, für die es mehr Arbeitslose als...

Die Logistik trägt in Bremen erheblich zur Wertschöpfung bei und ist ein wichtiger Beschäftigungsträger. Mit einem hohen Anteil an Einfacharbeit bietet sie niedrigschwellige Einstiege auch für gering qualifizierte Personen. Die Digitalisierung der Logistik verändert die Arbeitsprozesse und...

The labour market position of the lower skilled is increasingly under pressure in most high income countries. Their bargaining position is declining under the twin pressures of globalisation and technological change; and they are at risk of losing access to better positions as firms' pay and...

We design, pilot, and field a new survey of occupational skills in Peru, to investigate human capital differences between poor and rich countries. Though the average skill level is comparable, Peruvian jobs have markedly more uniform skill profiles than jobs in the US. However, matching...

We design, pilot, and field a new survey of occupational skills in Peru, to investigate human capital differences between poor and rich countries. Though the average skill level is comparable, Peruvian jobs have markedly more uniform skill profiles than jobs in the US. However, matching...

This report summarises the outcomes of the first (micro) phase of the thematic country review (TCR) on upskilling pathways in Italy. It reflects the perspectives of both the beneficiaries of the approaches considered and the actors involved in their implementation. The TCR focuses on outreach,...