Financial inclusion is an important enabler of economic development and aligns with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In most sub-Saharan African countries, financial inclusion efforts take place in the presence of concentrated and bank-dominated systems. This study...

We consider an overlapping generations version of a model suggested by Fargione, Lehmann and Polasky that allows us to show, by means of simulations, that randomness of the rate of return on capital, combined with inheritance of capital and consumption being a concave function of wealth may lead...

Research about trade liberalization's impact on markups has focused on manufacturing due to data availability considerations. How do these effects vary across sectors? Which industries become more and less competitive as trade barriers are eliminated? We leverage firm-level tax records from the...

This manuscript presents a detailed summary and reassessment of the 1941 final report of the Temporary National Economic Committee (TNEC). We portion the manuscript into four major parts: background, major themes, assessment of the report, and additional analysis and reflection. In the first...

The functioning of the banking sector is key for economic growth. In this paper, we first gather banks' balance sheet monthly regulatory information in a consistent manner for seven Latin American countries. Second, we estimate lending markups and deposits markdowns in each country over time....

Policymakers face a dilemma in determining the optimal approach to regulating highly concentrated markets, especially in the context of digital government initiatives in healthcare. The current study investigates whether vendor market concentration facilitates or impedes efficiency in health...

This paper studies concentration and market power in Chile and Colombia and the role that globalization and automation have had in shaping these two phenomena. Using panels of firm surveys, we compute firm-level markups and industry-level concentration measures. Applying a difference in...

Using register data, we document that the average German labor market, defined by hires in combinations of 3-digit occupations, requirement levels, and commuting zones, is highly concentrated (HHI=0.257). By EU antitrust thresholds, 56 percent of these labor markets feature moderate or high...

Widespread market imperfections in agricultural value chains raise the possibility that regulatory interventions may enhance efficiency and farmers' welfare. We develop a structural model of agricultural value chains and estimate it using rich data from Costa Rica's coffee sector to evaluate...

With the rise of environmental awareness, stakeholders are increasingly insisting on a sustainable corporate strategy. This study examines the impact of supply chain concentration on green innovation in Chinese manufacturing firms listed on the A-share market from 2011 to 2022. The results show...

Between September 2021 and April 2022, anhydrous ammonia prices in the United States more than doubled, topping out at a record-high $1,300/ton. At the time, Senator John Boozman, Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, asked the Agricultural & Food Policy...

This study examines the size and distribution of the Philippine media sector, identifies the challenges to competition and growth, and explores the impact of new technologies. A layered media model was used to map the major players, primarily in traditional media industries such as news...

The banking sector in Indonesia is currently growing and developing. This is due to the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) implementing reforms to strengthen the banking sector and enhance financial stability. One of the reforms is in the form of regulation that categorizes banks into...

Purpose - This study aims to explore the interplay between market concentration and implicit tax burdens in Brazil, offering a fresh perspective on the conventional belief of perfect competition. Design/methodology/approach - Data was sourced from Brazilian firms on the B3 stock exchange between...

Implementation of the European legislation on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) requires monitoring their presence in food and feed by analytical testing. The analytical tests are carried out by laboratories designated for official controls by the EU Member States. In line with Regulation...

Local labour market concentration may influence firms' employment responses to minimum wages. We evaluate this hypothesis using comprehensive 1998-2007 data on China's manufacturing sector and about 1,400 hand-collected county-level minimum wages. We find that, consistently with monopsony views,...

This paper provides a first empirical assessment of selected key indicators of the degree of competition in Austria in terms of industry concentration, firm-level markups and business dynamics. The analysis is based on firm-level data from 2008 to 2020 in collaboration with OECD Multiprod 2.0...

Alongside the recent regulations addressing platforms and digital markets - the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) - the European Union's (EU) European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) aims to safeguard media freedom and pluralism, two essential pillars of democracy. The EMFA...

Concentrations with EU relevance, depending on their features, may fall under multiple legal regimes. EU/national merger control systems, antitrust rules, the Digital Markets Act, and the Foreign Subsidies Regulation impose (more or less) comprehensive jurisdictional, procedural and substantive...

Given the political and public interest in rising industry concentration in developed economies, researchers have been working on uncovering underlying mechanisms and implications. Various causes of concentration have been proposed, although rarely tested in a comprehensive model. We study five...

Firm internationalisation has been a central topic of scholarly interest in international business for decades. However, the role of competitive pressure in firms’ home markets for firm internationalisation has not been investigated for the full variety of market types, despite the central...