We investigate how the use of bankruptcy as an implicit health insurance varies across households, focusing on heterogeneity by asset holdings, race, marital status, and educational attainment. Using a difference-in-differences design based on the 2005 bankruptcy reform, we find that the reform...

Unter der neuen US-Regierung zeichnet sich ein Wandel im Verbraucherschutz ab. Der Fokus liegt auf Marktmechanismen und dem Abbau regulatorischer Vorgaben. Eine mögliche Folge sind intransparente Preismodelle. Studien zeigen, dass diese Verbraucher:innen systematisch zu höheren Ausgaben...

Am 14. Juni 2014 trat die Verbraucherrechterichtlinie (RL 2011/83/EU)1 in Kraft, die mit dem Ziel einer Angleichung der Rechtsvorschriften in Europa im Sinne einer Vollharmonisierung und damit des Abbaus von Hindernissen für den grenzüberschreitenden Verkehr auf Unionsebene eine hohe...

This study's objective is to test the impact of misleading price reduction presentation practices on consumer choices. Key findings - The mapping of methods in which e-commerce platforms present discounts identified that price reductions were displayed in ways which are likely to confuse or...

This study's objective is to test the impact of misleading price reduction presentation practices on consumer choices. Key findings - The mapping of methods in which e-commerce platforms present discounts identified that price reductions were displayed in ways which are likely to confuse or...

This study investigates how neuromarketing practices intersect with consumer privacy regulation in California, with particular attention to the 2024 Senate Bill 1223 (SB 1223), which amends the CCPA/CPRA to explicitly define "neural data." By examining corporate strategies and regulatory...

This study attempts to advance the argument that targeting specific behavioral patterns serves as a value-adding complement to the rule- and principle-based consumer protection policies in financial markets. To that end, two particular optimization frameworks are specified to elaborate a set of...

Smartphone apps deliberately apply behavioral design, including algorithms sensing human behavior and personalized design elements affecting it. Untransparent behavioral design exploits an information asymmetry between app vendors and consumers and can lead to negative effects on consumers such...

In 2024, the Safety Gate Rapid Alert System surpassed all previous records in protecting consumers from dangerous products. The system recorded a record-high 4,137 alerts, almost doubling the notifications since 2022 and confirming an upward trend from the previous year. The Commission...

The Commissioner-designate made a number of commitments in his written and oral responses. These are highlighted in this document, which has been produced to support Parliament's scrutiny of the Commission over the course of the 2024-2029 term, including through the Committees' annual structured...

The Commissioner-designate made a number of commitments in his written and oral responses. These are highlighted in this document, which has been produced to support Parliament's scrutiny of the Commission over the course of the 2024-2029 term, including through the Committees' annual structured...

Tackling greenwashing is an issue where human rights, consumer rights and climate goals align. Companies use greenwashing to convince people to buy products that are not always as environmentally friendly as they claim to be. They mislead consumers and harm the environment. This report shows how...

Tackling greenwashing is an issue where human rights, consumer rights and climate goals align. Companies use greenwashing to convince people to buy products that are not always as environmentally friendly as they claim to be. They mislead consumers and harm the environment. This report shows how...

In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the classification as toxic for reproduction Cat. 2, the SCCS considers micron-sized particulate Silver not safe at concentrations up to 0.2 % in rinse-off and 0.3 % in leave-on cosmetic products when used alone or in combination....

Privacy regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation aim to empower consumers with greater transparency and control over their personal data. In response, firms may exercise price discrimination in the form of versioning. This paper studies how these two aspects of privacy regulation...

This document highlights major advancements in financial inclusion, especially with the PIX payment system. However, financial consumers are increasingly at risk from fraud, scams, over-indebtedness, and mis-sold bundled insurance products. It calls for a structured approach to reforming the...

Unter der neuen US-Regierung zeichnet sich ein Wandel im Verbraucherschutz ab. Der Fokus liegt auf Marktmechanismen und dem Abbau regulatorischer Vorgaben. Eine mögliche Folge sind intransparente Preismodelle. Studien zeigen, dass diese Verbraucher:innen systematisch zu höheren Ausgaben...

We investigate the effects of consumer-protection regulations limiting post-purchase harm when there are many markets and consumers have limited attention to examine prices or product features. Such regulation lowers the attention necessary for valuable purchases, which can allow a consumer to...

Focusing on India's toy industry, this study investigates how field-configuring events facilitate the institutionalization of ethical consumerism in emerging markets. Through virtual ethnographic analysis of the First India Toy Fair 2021, we examine how digital platforms enable institutional...

Social media platforms mediate and regulate how influencers engage in monetisation practices. In this social-legal paper we examine one form of monetisation, influencer marketing, to understand how platform policies and interfaces shape commercial content for influencers. We situate our inquiry...

This paper provides a graphic overview on core legislation in the area of the Internal Market and Consumer Protection. The presentation essentially covers the areas within the responsibility of the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection, but also displays neighbouring areas of...

This paper provides a graphic overview on core legislation in the area of the Internal Market and Consumer Protection. The presentation essentially covers the areas within the responsibility of the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection, but also displays neighbouring areas of...

As you start a new life here in the EU, you'll probably need to buy items for you and your family. You might also want to travel to visit friends and family. And let's not forget the many contracts and all the fine print you will need to read and sign for everything from car insurance to utility...

2023 Report of the European Panel to the European Commission in application of Decision 1194/2011/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2011 establishing a European Union action for the European Heritage Label.

Article 40 of the CPC Regulation obliges the European Commission to submit to the European Parliament and the Council a report on the CPC Regulation by 17 January 2023, including an evaluation of its application. The overall objective of this study was to provide an evaluation of the current CPC...

The free movement of goods within the European Single market is a major achievement that has improved people's lives across the EU. Keeping the market safe is the responsibility of all producers, distributors, retailers and online marketplaces selling goods in the EU. They must ensure their...

Consumer consent regulation is the cornerstone of modern data privacy regulation such as the European GDPR and the Californian CCPA. By ensuring that consumers can reject any harmful data collection, the regulation seems an effective tool for protecting consumers against price discrimination. By...

The 2022 Global State of Financial Inclusion and Consumer Protection (FICP) Report is an update to the 2013 and 2017 FICP reports. These surveys aim to provide a timely source of global data to benchmark efforts by financial sector authorities to improve the enabling environment for financial...