China makes extensive use of subsidies in order to take a leading role on the global markets in the green technology sectors of electric vehicles, wind turbines and railway rolling stock. According to DiPippo et al. (2022) and recent OECD studies, the industrial subsidies in China are at least...

Maple syrup production represents a prominent form of ton-timber forest production across the northeastern, U.S. and Canada. Similar to farmers, maple syrup producers face complex scale and scope decisions about the size or product diversification of their operation. Drawing upon 24...

Economies of scope in data aggregation (ESDA) are attracting the attention of policymakers and researchers because of the efficiency gains they could bring about. Antitrust authorities, in turn, are concerned about their potential anti-competitive outcomes. However, the concept remains blurry...

The paper compares the efficiency of alternative municipal solid waste management business models: a single provider against multiple providers. The drivers of municipal solid waste management costs are analysed to test the impact of the scale and scope of municipal solid waste management...

The scope of coherence, as a ground justifying measures interfering with the fundamental freedoms, is limited by the concept of macro-coherence. This article analyses the origin and rationale of macro-coherence and how the concept relates to the balanced allocation of taxing rights. The authors...

The purpose of this study is to investigate regional differences in the business characteristics of Japanese agricultural cooperatives (JAs), which have been widely criticized for depending on non-agricultural activities, contradictory to cooperative principles. We construct a panel data set...

International transactions are costly because they require investments in logistics, contracts, and the acquisition of local institutional knowledge. We posit that a portion of the fixed costs of entering a specific export market can be used toward costs of acquiring imports from that same...

Throughout the industrialized world, macroeconomic performance since the mid-1970s has been very poor, and the prospects in the near term remain bleak. While there is no consensus among macroeconomists regarding the diagnosis (or cure) of these ills, the major competing schools of thought have...

We assess size and scope-related economies in the global advertising and marketing services business. A translog cost function is employed wherein a firm's costs vary according to its scale and two dimensions of the scope of its operations. Parameters of the model are estimated via three stage...

This paper estimates economies of scale and scope for 200 large Australian superannuation (pension) funds in 2009 using a multiple-output cost function. This is the first and currently only year that certain fund-level information provided in the superannuation annual returns to the Australian...

What accounts for the diversity and limited concentration that has long characterized the organization of the advertising agency industry? This question is addressed by treating an advertising agency as a multiproduct firm. The firm's product line or service mix is defined in terms of the set of...

We provide evidence that over the past 30 years, U.S. firms have expanded their scope of operations. Increases in scope and scale were achieved largely without increasing traditional operating segments. Scope expansion significantly increases valuation and is primarily realized through...

Economies of scale in data aggregation is a widely accepted concept. It refers to improved prediction accuracy when the number of observations on variables in a dataset increases. By contrast, economies of scope in data is more ambiguous. The classic economic interpretation refers to cost...

A surprisingly neglected facet of sector evolution is the evolutionary analysis of firms', and thus a sector's, scope. Defining a sector as a group of firms that can change their scope over time, we study the transformation of U.S. banking firms. We undertake a sectoral, population-wide study of...

We apply and extend the cost-based approach to bundling and tying under competition developed in Evans and Salinger (2004a) to over-the-counter pain relievers and cold medicines. We document that consumers pay much less for tablets with multiple ingredients than they would to buy tablets with...

The paper examines the determinants of the division of labor within firms. It provides an explanation of the pervasive observed changes in work organization away from the traditional functional departments and towards multi-tasking and job rotation. Whereas the existing literature on the...

Julian Simon famously argued that economic growth is correlated with population growth. The basis for this correlation is what Simon refers to as the “ultimate resource,” namely the human mind and the collective stock of dispersed, tacit, and inarticulate knowledge among individuals. Though...

The purpose of this research paper is to empirically investigate determinants of allocative, cost and scope efficiencies as well as the impact of the financial crisis and stock market performance on efficiencies. Pakistan's banks and insurance companies' sector were taken for the purpose of...

We develop a structural model of firms' bidding behavior in simultaneous first-price auctions with linkages across items, and apply the model to procurement auctions held by Minnesota's Department of Transportation (MnDOT). Each year, MnDOT holds simultaneous first-price auctions to procure road...

In the electronics industry and beyond, original design manufacturers (ODMs) provide a full spectrum of services, ranging from design and development to manufacturing, to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Through resource pooling, ODMs benefit from scope economies when designing different...

We use unique data on work hours of Federal Reserve bank supervisors and a structural model to provide new insights on the impact of bank supervision, the efficiency of the allocation of supervisory resources, and the shape of supervisory preferences. We find that supervision has an economically...

This article proposes a non-parametric approach to measure scale and scope and a descriptive study to address the relation of the railways' production density, scale scope and efficiency using a system of equations, graphic analysis, simple regressions and a proposal for the automatic selection...

This article examines the empirical performance of alternative frontier estimators' ability to replicate a known underlying technology and economic measures such as multi-product and product-specific economies of scale, and economies of scope. A cross sectional Monte Carlo procedure to simulate...