The new loss and damage funding framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) emphasises the importance of channelling support through national systems and mechanisms. This approach could prove particularly challenging for African least developed ountries...

This paper assesses the impact of the regulatory environment on the new business creation in 45 Least Developed Countries (LDC) using a panel data from 2000 to 2021. Empirical evidence, derived from a fixed effects (FE) model, indicates a strong relationship between business regulation and new...

Financial inclusion is a key factor for economic growth in most developing countries. This paper examines the relationship between financial inclusion and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) using panel data for the period 1990-2021. The empirical...

This paper uses export and import shares of intermediate goods to assess the extent of integration of G20 and non-G20 nations, including least developed countries (LDCs), in global value chains (GVCs). The G20's intermediate trade, especially the imports, recovered fast during and immediately...

The Summit's focus on financing vulnerable countries or the fight against vulnerability highlights the fact that the allocation of concessional financing between countries must be considered alongside the mobilization of new resources. This note identifies four principles: (i) the countries...

All WTO members participate in the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), a rules-based bottom-up approach built on monitorable provisions (e.g. the publication of information, advance rulings, appeal or review of decisions, transparency, and border agency cooperation) aimed at reducing time in...

In the run-up to the Paris Summit, the question of mobilizing new resources to finance development and global public goods seems to receive much more attention than the way in which these new funds, like the old ones, are allocated among countries. If there is to be a "financial pact", it should...

As part of the preparation for the June Summit on financing, the question was raised as to whether a category of "vulnerable countries" should not be created or recommended. One would first have to ask who would be responsible for creating this category, so that it would be authoritative. Only...

This Research Paper reviews Least Developed Countries' (LDCs) collective progress on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), based on the available data on the indicators for the 169 SDG targets. It makes recommendations for LDCs and other States to consider advancing in...

Empirical studies of the economic effects of climate change largely rely on climate anomalies for causal identification purposes. Slow and permanent changes in climate-driven geographical conditions, that is, climate change as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, have been...

The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has adopted the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) as short term measures for decarbonisation of the shipping industry; the IMO also made the collection of relevant data and associated reporting of...

This Article attempts to understand the lack of Least Developed Countries (LDC)s and small developing Member States' participation as complainants in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) by undertaking the case study of the only LDC initiated dispute in the DSB:...

In Zimbabwe, the foreign exchange auction trading system has been hailed as a solution to the challenges bedevilling organizations mainly those listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (Vinga, 2020). The impact of the foreign exchange trading systems has been questioned after six months of its...

1 Introduction -- 2 Africa's Least Developed Countries: Missed opportunities -- 3 Asia's Least Developed Countries: Policy Lessons -- 4 Central Asia: Three decades after the economic transition -- 5 The Pacific: Development challenges of small island states -- 6 Path dependence and policy as...

There is no situation where Nepal can isolate itself from the current rapid globalization and the mainstream of the world economy. That's why Nepal has to join the WTO sooner or later, which is currently the mainstream of world trade. However, whether our economy can meet the conditions and...

Developing countries and least developed countries (LDCs) have played a minor role in multilateral trade. Owing to the fact that these states lacked adequate analytical and technical resources, drafting multilateral agreements with developed states was a challenge. A proper framework for fuller...

Nepal is now in the process of graduating from Least Developed Country (LDC) to Developing Country (DC), as Nepal reportedly met the thresholds for Human Assets Index (HAI), and Economic and Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI), the two of the three criteria for graduation, although its...

This study evaluates whether food security is a genuine case for public stockholding of rice in Bangladesh and whether the country should make the most of the G-33 proposal as an eligible signatory. Using a qualitative research approach with descriptive statistics, this study analyses...

This research aims to explore the impact of demographics (age, gender, education, and income) on clients’ attitudes and their intention to use the FinTech services of banks by using the TAM model, Yemen as a case study. The data for this study were collected using a questionnaire shared among...

In 2021, the United Nations Committee on Development Policy adopted a resolution that Bangladesh would graduate from least developed country (LDC) status after a period of 5 years. This means that in 2026 Bangladesh would have to forego its exemption to intellectual property (IP) provisions of...

Rising levels of food insecurity continue to pose a threat to economic and social stability in developing, LDCs and low-income countries, and the WTO’s Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) provides the policy structure to ensure sustainable reform for trade in agriculture products and domestic...

The impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) over various sectors of the world have been increasing since the adoption of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). While IPRs acts as a stimulator for innovation of new technologies, the wide-scale...