This study introduces a novel quantitative method to assess the willingness to pay for emerging technologies, such as hydrogen, as substitutes for fossil fuels in industrial production. A three-step framework is developed to derive the willingness-to-pay function based on industrial competition...

This study critically examines HYBRIT, a Swedish flagship project led by state-owned LKAB to produce fossil-free sponge iron using hydrogen from fossil-free electricity. Framed as central to EU's green transition, HYBRIT promised CO₂ cuts exceeding Sweden's total emissions but faced major...

This paper explores the critical financial challenges in developing and financing hydrogen projects, particularly in the context of their role in achieving global decarbonisation goals. It examines the perspectives of key stakeholders – investors, banks, policymakers, project developers, and...

Hydrogen presents a unique opportunity to transform Integrated Energy Systems (IES) by enhancing efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability across electricity, heat, and transport sectors. This comprehensive review examines hydrogen's complete supply chain - production, storage, and...

The European Union has set forth an objective to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and external supply chains. Hydrogen technologies are regarded as a pivotal element in achieving a sustainable and resilient energy supply. Despite the prioritization of hydrogen-powered fuel cells in numerous...

Um bis 2045 klimaneutral zu werden, ist die Reduktion von Emissionen von grundlegender Bedeutung. Einer der Energieträger, auf die umgestiegen werden soll, ist grüner Wasserstoff. Dieser bietet je nach Branche unterschiedlich große Potenziale, ist aber insbesondere für die Defossilisierung...

Currently, achieving sustainable transformation toward a carbon-dioxide-free industrial production process is one of the greatest challenges. The chemical element hydrogen used as an energy source and a basic feedstock can play an important role in reaching this goal. Our analysis is based on...

This Live Wire focuses on safety concerns associated with hydrogen and its main derivatives: ammonia and methanol. After an exhaustive review of the literature and measures on hydrogen safety, the study summarized here found robust, well-established standards developed by reputable institutions....

Synthetic fertilizers are essential to sustaining the world's population, but their production is responsible for 1.8-2.4 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Clean hydrogen holds growing potential (amid falling costs) to decarbonize fertilizer production. Hydrogen produces synthetic...

As a global leader in renewable energy, India is transitioning from fossil fuel-based hydrogen to green hydrogen, driven by technological advancements, cost reductions, and supportive policies. Initiatives like the National Green Hydrogen Mission and Green Hydrogen Policy aim to establish India...

Renewable hydrogen has emerged as a cornerstone of the European Union (EU)’s plan to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors. However, like other regions, the EU is facing a demand issue as offtakers have been reluctant to sign offtake agreements given the high costs of renewable hydrogen. Renewable...

China’s manufacturing capabilities and advancements in reducing electrolyzer costs have sparked both hopes and concerns about its potential to dominate global electrolyzer production and exports. This is often compared to China’s success in solar photovoltaics (PV), where dramatic cost...

Hydrogen serves as an energy source and represents an important cornerstone for achieving the goal of maintaining a level of zero-carbon-dioxide emissions in industry production processes. Our analysis is based on the computable general equilibrium framework and focuses on a partial switch to...

Many countries of the Global South struggle to achieve inclusive growth paths despite investment in the exploitation of rich resources. Resource-based industrialization literature stresses the potential for achieving broader development effects via the development of production linkages with...

Green hydrogen, a zero-carbon emission fuel, has become a real competitor to transform the energy market, thanks to improvements in the electrolysis process, decreased costs, and the presence of renewable energy resources. Energy industries have shown considerable progress in hydrogen production...

Whereas hydrogen is currently a marginal energy carrier, the aim of the EU is to trigger low-carbon hydrogen production that covers around 10 percent of EU’s energy needs by 2050. If this comes true, it will be an energy revolution. We study competition between green and blue hydrogen by...

Hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources or with carbon capture and storage is an important pillar for reducing global emissions. Using structured interviews, we collect and analyze expectations of 47 industry, science, and government experts on hydrogen pathways and policy needs in...

Financing sustainable energy initiatives is critical to achieving China's ambitious carbon neutrality goals. This study conducts a cost-benefit analysis of CO2 reduction strategies in China over the period 2010-2023, focusing on integrating renewable energy with innovative retrofitting solutions...

Electric, hydrogen, methanol, and biofuel cars are becoming popular for reducing road transport emissions. In limited operational contexts, these technologies are commonly called clean or zero-emission, but resource availability, lifetime implications, and infrastructural restrictions determine...

Transforming EU-funded research into real-world solutions: H2SITE brings membrane reactor and separator technology to market; Scaling up innovation: an incubator for Europe's electrolyser industry; On the road to zero emissions: advancing MEA performance for fuel cell vehicles; Bringing hydrogen...

Transforming EU-funded research into real-world solutions: H2SITE brings membrane reactor and separator technology to market; Scaling up innovation: an incubator for Europe's electrolyser industry; On the road to zero emissions: advancing MEA performance for fuel cell vehicles; Bringing hydrogen...

The EU CBAM is the EU's landmark tool to put a fair price on the carbon emitted during the production of certain carbon-intensive goods, including hydrogen, entering the EU. It will ensure that the EU's climate objectives are not undermined and encourage cleaner industrial production in non-EU...

Studies of the development of clean hydrogen have often focused on the production side. Infrastructure built and used for storage and transportation warrants more attention. Among the topics that should be assessed are system design, operation, integration, and ownership; market design and...

As renewable hydrogen becomes central to decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors, such as steel manufacturing or heavy transport, deployment in Emerging Markets and Developing Countries depends on obtaining timely environmental and social permits on the social acceptance of hydrogen production...

Achieving a net-zero energy system in Europe by 2050 will likely require large-scale deployment of hydrogen and seasonal energy storage to manage variability in renewable supply and demand. This study addresses two key objectives: (1) to develop a modeling framework that integrates seasonal...

Hydrogen offtake agreements are foundational to the development of the clean hydrogen economy. By securing long-term commitments, they enable capital-intensive projects and support market growth. While contracting activity remains at an early stage, the emergence of binding agreements signals...

Hydrogen plays a central role in policies aimed at decarbonisation, energy autonomy, industrial competitiveness, and development. This study analyses hydrogen policies, revealing how their design may undermine just transition goals and instead reinforce existing spatial inequalities. Drawing on...

The year 2024 saw a year of important developments for the Clean Hydrogen JU, continuing built on the achievements of previous years and intensifying the efforts on hydrogen valleys. With a total operational commitment of EUR 203 million, and the launch of 22 new projects, the overall portfolio...

This report supports the European Commission (DG ENER) in the design and implementation of a European import auction for renewable hydrogen and its derivatives under the European Hydrogen Bank (EHB). The EHB aims to contribute to the EU's climate neutrality goal by 2050. While domestic auctions...

Este informe analiza y destaca la oportunidad de Colombia para posicionarse como un actor clave a nivel global en el suministro de combustibles basados en hidrógeno verde para el transporte marítimo y otros sectores. El análisis evaluó la incipiente economía del hidrógeno verde en Colombia...

Combined cycle (CC) plants are expected to play an important role in balancing generation of heat and electricity from non-dispatchable renewable energy sources. In this work, we study different retrofit options for using hydrogen in CC plants to reduce the plant's CO2 emissions. These options...

The economies of fossil fuel exporters are threatened by global efforts to transition away from using unabated fossil fuels. Producing clean hydrogen, for export or domestic use in manufacturing, provides a potentially major opportunity to continue exploiting their fossil fuel resources....

The European Commission highlights hydrogen as an important energy carrier and chemical feedstock that could help decarbonise sectors otherwise deemed hard-to-abate. Europe's existing natural gas grid is seen as a promising asset to repurpose for the transportation of hydrogen. This technical...

The transition to clean power is the most critical step in closing the emissions gap by 2030. Nonetheless, the transition to clean power is not without its challenges. The endeavour to increase the integration of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) sources to curtail greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions...

Spatially resolved modelling of local hydrogen ecosystems can help to identify optimal sizing and locations for plants and infrastructure along the value chain. Spatial clustering to identify the subregions can lead to a better representation of important features compared to administrative...

Within the transition to climate-neutral energy systems, hydrogen has the potential to support decarbonization of multiple sectors. Just like in electricity markets, volatility in hydrogen supply and process-specific demand may lead to volatile prices in a hydrogen market. This volatility may...