Many countries use job-retention schemes, such as short-time work (STW), to stabilize the labor market during economic downturns. While these schemes might prevent unemployment (UE) and its adverse effects on workers, STW could also deter workers from moving to more productive firms, thereby...

Economic research on time use has traditionally focused on the total time individuals spend across different activities. However, less is known about time-use agency, or the ability to make strategic choices on allocating one’s time. This paper presents the findings from a novel,...

Rising temperatures due to climate change pose significant challenges to how much and how effectively individuals can work, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as India, where exposure to extreme heat is becoming more common. While existing research documents adverse effects of...

Worker productivity depends not only on hours worked, but also on how work time is actually used, and time-use evidence shows that non-work at work is non-trivial. This paper provides a data-driven characterization of shirking, and studies which observable characteristics best predict shirking...

According to the Italian philosopher Tilgher (1922), the birth of the bourgeois society during the Pre-Industrial era involved the replacement of the Ancient Man by the Modern Man, and consisted of a reorienta- tion of efforts from spiritual exercises developing the inner self (what Marcus...

Understanding poverty and well-being requires moving beyond income-based measures to account for how work and time are organized within households. While income and unpaid work sustain household living standards, in combination with leisure they determine how these standards are produced and...

Football referees possess substantial discretion in allocating stoppage time, a decision that is comparatively opaque yet potentially consequential for match outcomes. This paper examines whether stoppage time allocation contributes to home advantage in contemporary European professional...

Time poverty is a key yet conceptually contested dimension of household living standards. Both univariate and bivariate measures remain debated because there is no clear consensus on how to define and quantify socially necessary unpaid work, the time that money cannot substitute for, across...

In this paper, we present the empirical methodology used to estimate the Levy Institute Measure of Time and Income Poverty (LIMTIP) for the United States over the period 2007-2022. We provide a step-by-step account of the statistical matching procedure employed to construct a synthetic dataset...

Most households in rural Africa are involved in smallholder farming, but off-farm employment is an important additional income source for many. Previous research has analyzed links between off-farm employment and wellbeing, but mostly at the household level, not considering that household...

This study investigates whether (and how) working from home (WFH) affects the gender division of parental unpaid labor. I use the recent COVID-19 pandemic that brought an unanticipated yet lasting shift to WFH combined with a measure of occupational WFH feasibility (Alipour et al. 2023) as a...

Die Zeitverwendungserhebung ist eine freiwillige Haushaltsbefragung, die alle zehn Jahre in Deutschland durchgeführt wird. Sie gibt Aufschluss darüber, für welche Aktivitäten verschiedene Bevölkerungsgruppen in unterschiedlichen Lebenslagen täglich ihre Zeit aufwenden. Darüber hinaus...

Specialization in labor-intensive export crops, such as organic cocoa, can exacerbate gender inequality if production and revenues fall under men's control and the additional labor burden falls on women. However, evidence on the implications for women's empowerment in value chains that combine...

We study consumption and welfare inequality by analyzing how households allocate resources - market expenditures and the value of time - to the production of activities. The share of resources allocated to an activity rises or falls with wages, classifying them into luxuries or necessities,...

This study provides a thorough examination of the evolving gender gap in time allocated to housework in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. With data from the American Time Use Survey (2015-2022), our findings reveal a significant trend towards greater equality in the allocation of household...

This study investigates whether (and how) working from home (WFH) affects the gender division of parental unpaid labor. I use the recent COVID-19 pandemic that brought an unanticipated yet lasting shift to WFH combined with a measure of occupational WFH feasibility (Alipour et al. 2023) as a...

Unlike most developed countries, the U.S. lacks a federal paid sick leave policy. As a result, many workers must choose between losing earnings and attending to childcare responsibilities. To date, 17 states and the District of Columbia have adopted or announced paid sick leave mandates that...

We estimate the effect of sleep on labor productivity addressing the two main challenges in time use research: the unavoidable substitutions among activities implied by the time budget constraint and the endogeneity of the allocation of time. We use complete time diary data to identify the...

Aimed at pandemic preparedness, we construct a framework for integrated epi‐econ assessment that we believe would be useful for policymakers, especially at the early stages of a pandemic outbreak. We offer theory, calibration to micro‐, macro‐, and epi‐data, and numerical methods for...

How has the distribution of unpaid working time between men and women evolved over the last twenty years? Does unpaid working time still disproportionately affect women, more than fifty years after the massive entry of the female labour force into formal employment? And, if so, which market and...

We provide the first causal evidence that changes to work arrangements – in the form of greater schedule regularity – can reduce the child penalty in earnings for women. The Australian 2009 Fair Work Act explicitly entitled parents of young children to request a change in work arrangements....

This paper examines how people adjust their time use when they experience an increase in time spent alone, which is a growing share of adults' lives. We utilize the dramatic rise in remote work following the onset of the pandemic, which is associated with a large decline in time spent in the...

This paper examines how people adjust their time use when experiencing more time alone, a growing share of adults' lives. We exploit the dramatic rise in remote work following the onset of the pandemic, which sharply reduced time spent with non-household members during the workday, to study...

Time-use data are expected to help in understanding and addressing critical socioeconomic concerns including gender inequalities in a country. The data also help in integrating gender into economic analysis and economic policy making to promote inclusive development. Against this rising demand...

Curriculum design is modeled as a time-allocation problem. A school teaches students many skills and allocates time to different skills based on student characteristics. Professor Ellison and Pathak's framework provides a novel interpretation of studies that find zero achievement effects at...

e demonstrate that higher income enhances the enjoyment individuals derive from leisure. This effect cannot be explained by diminishing marginal utility of leisure time or systematic differences in leisure activities across income groups. Instead, we show that this is largely attributable to...

Objective: In this article, our aim is to identify and assess changes in the behaviour of young women taking into account the changes regarding gender and cultural roles. Research Design & Methods: Analysing seven-day diary data (N = 139), we examined the average duration of the 12 evaluated...

Unpaid domestic work is the main part of non-market household production which is not covered by national statistics (GDP). The monetary value of unpaid work is identified within the gross value added (GVA), which is 60-80% of (the invisible) non-market household production. GVA of unpaid work...

I study how the rise in working from home (WFH) affects the gender division of paid and unpaid labor (caregiving, domestic tasks). Identification uses differences in individuals' exposure to the Covid-induced WFH shock, measured by the WFH feasibility of their job in 2019. Using panel data from...

Current estimates of child labour often rely on questions such as, "How many hours did you work last week?" While biases in adult self-reports are well-documented in high-income countries, there is limited evidence on the accuracy of children's responses in low- and middle-income countries...

How married couples allocate their time across activities has been studied in developed countries, but remains an open question in many developing countries. We pool the 2019 and 2024 waves of the India Time Use Survey (TUS), the two most recent nationally representative surveys, to analyze the...

This chapter surveys recent advances in personnel economics. We discuss new research on incentives and compensation; hiring practices; the influence of managers and peers; and time use, technology, and training. Two main themes emerge from this survey. First, we illustrate the interplay between...

Understanding the determinants of worker effort is central, as even small changes in productivity can have significant implications for economic growth and labor market performance. This study examines the relationship between extreme temperatures and work effort-proxied by non-work time while...

Previous research, focusing primarily on high income countries, has linked later sunsets to sleep deficits and worse health outcomes. These results might not generalize to low- and middle- income countries, which have different socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions. Using data...