This paper examines the effect of Tobacco 21 laws, which raise the minimum age for tobacco purchases to 21, on prenatal smoking and birth outcomes using restricted access data from the National Vital Statistics System. Using both the synthetic difference-in-differences and stacked event-study...

Criminal networks engaged in the illicit cigarette trade exhibit remarkable resilience in the face of external threats and the evolving landscape brought about by the Russia-Ukraine war. They adeptly navigate these challenges by swiftly altering smuggling routes, modifying their methods of...

We examine the effect of raising the minimum legal sale age of tobacco to 21 (i.e., "T21"). We estimate difference-in-differences models using the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey data and Nielsen Retail Scanner data from 2012 to 2019. Outcomes include cigarette and e-cigarette use and sales....

The article evaluates the development of the tax burden on cigarettes in the Czech Republic from 1993 to the end of 2023. Tax burden is represented by effective tax rate. The research results show that the tax burden on these products is still increasing. Not only does the tax burden increase,...

Previous research has documented how British American Tobacco (BAT) and other transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) smuggled their own products into Iran in the 1990s in order to circumvent sanctions and other trade restrictions. In the early 2000s, BAT, along with other TTCs, signed legal...

Cigarette butts are the most prevalent plastic litter, producing more than 766 million kg of harmful waste annually. Smokers indiscriminately dropped their cigarettes virtually everywhere. Realizing the danger it can bring, the researchers investigated these wastes on their potential use as an...

This study uses data from the 1987–2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and statelevel employment rates data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics to estimate the association between macroeconomic conditions and cigarette smoking. We find that a one percentage point increase in...

Increases in youth vaping rates and concerns of a new generation of nicotine addicts recently prompted an increase in the federal minimum legal purchase age (MLPA) for tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, to 21 years. This study presents the first regression discontinuity evidence on the...

This paper examines the role of addiction in influencing the demand for e-cigarettes using the Nielsen Retail Scanner Data and the Nielsen Consumer Panel Data between 2012 and 2017. With a comparison of a myopic addiction model, a forward-looking model, and a rational addiction model, this paper...

In line with the Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) and Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/786, the Independent Advisory Panel on characterising flavours in tobacco products (IAP) has been established assisting Member States and the Commission in determining whether or not a tobacco...

A large literature documents that quitting cigarette smoking may lead to weight gain because nicotine is an appetite suppressant and metabolic stimulant. However, researchers in this literature emphasize that the health benefits of smoking cessation exceed the harms from the weight typically...

The confluence of a youth mental health crisis and high rates of teenage nicotine vaping has led some U.S. tobacco control advocates to argue that reducing access to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) -- through policies such as ENDS taxation -- may improve youth and young adult mental...

We study the effects of cigarette excise taxes on smokers' household budgets. In a randomized survey experiment, smokers respond to tax increases by adjusting cigarette shopping behaviors, substituting towards other tobacco products, and reducing both discretionary and human capital-related...

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) teenagers is over 30 percent higher than among their heterosexual counterparts. Yet little is known about how recent efforts to curb nicotine vaping through ENDS taxes impact sexual minorities....

Introduction: E-cigarette taxes have been enacted by 30 states through April 2020. E-cigarette tax schema vary, in contrast to cigarette taxes in the United States that are levied almost exclusively as excise taxes per pack. Some states use excise taxes on liquid and containers, others ad...

Cigarettes constitute a very large product category with very adverse health outcomes for consumers. Knowing more about cigarette purchasing will inform researchers, and help policymakers make better decisions about this product. We examine how heavy cigarette purchasers differ from ‘light’...

Cigarette smokers earn significantly less than nonsmokers, but the magnitude of the smoking wage gap and the pathways by which it originates are unclear. Proposed mechanisms often focus on spot differences in employee productivity or employer preferences, neglecting the dynamic nature of human...

The rapid rise in e-cigarette use rates among high school students in the United States is a significant source of public policy concern for many states. This paper is the first study to examine the impact of state tobacco control spending on the demand for vaping products by high school...

Abstract. Menthol cigarettes have been viewed as a scourge on youth because they have facilitated initiation and made quitting more difficult. Many jurisdictions have banned menthol-flavored combustible cigarettes. However, while bans on menthol cigarettes are favored by public-health...

In 1956, 52% of urban men and 42% of rural men smoked cigarettes. By 2010, the disparity had flipped: 24.7% of urban men and 30.6% of rural men smoked. Smoking remains the greatest preventable cause of mortality in the United States, and understanding the underlying causes of place-specific...

Bans on menthol cigarettes have been recommended by the World Health Organization, adopted throughout the European Union, and proposed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), primarily due to concerns that menthol cigarettes enable youth smoking. Yet there is almost no direct...

This paper investigates the effects of cigarette tax changes at different ages on long-term smoking behaviors. Using survey data on six decades of birth cohorts, I show that an increase in the cigarette tax at any age diminishes the long-term probabilities of smoking initiation and participation...

Some public health officials discourage smokers from using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, or “e-cigarettes”) as a cessation aid because ENDS use and smoking are positively correlated. Such correlation does not imply that the causal treatment effect of ENDS use on cessation from...

Border effects can have a considerable influence on the effectiveness of excise tax policy measures. The opportunity to buy taxable goods in the nearest lower-tax state redistributes the tax burden among consumers and determines the treatment intensity of how an increase in the tax rate may...

As the tax base for traditional tobacco excise taxes continues to erode, policymakers have growing interest to expand taxation to novel and reduced-risk tobacco products. Chief among the latter are e-cigarettes although taxes for other reduced-risk tobacco products such as heated tobacco and...

Public health regulators in the United States are currently advocating for a ban on menthol-flavored cigarettes because they are believed to be more dangerous than traditional non-menthol cigarettes. However, these bans will have limited benefits if consumers are able to circumvent them. We...

This paper studies the relationship between Colombia's legal cigarette sales, smuggling, and tobacco taxes. Exploring first the impact taxes have on legal and illegal cigarettes, we find that taxes correlate negatively to legal sales and positively with illicit sales. Second, estimating a demand...

In 2016, the Surgeon General used longitudinal cohort studies to conclude that youth e-cigarette use is strongly associated with cigarette use. We re-evaluate data from the period of time before the writing of the Surgeon General report, using quasi-experimental methods, and reach the opposite...

Electronic cigarettes show potential to reduce the harms from smoking combustible tobacco, but there is uncertainty about the long-term health consequences. We replicate and extend the study by Bhatta and Glantz (20192), which reports longitudinal statistical associations between e-cigarette use...

Increases in youth vaping rates and concerns of a new generation of nicotine addicts recently prompted an increase in the federal minimum legal purchase age (MLPA) for tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, to 21 years. This study presents the first regression discontinuity evidence on the...

Money laundering is the process of hiding or disguising the unlawful origin of property and hiding or disguising the true nature, origin, source, location, disposal, ownership or title of property. In other words, money laundering means "laundering" dirty money until it becomes clean. Corrupt...