Mistakes, closure and endowment effect in laboratory experiments

In this paper, we relax the hard closure property of experiments that have been used to study endowment effect in laboratory. We study differences in benchmark environments (hard closure) and an environment that allows participants to reverse the decisions taken in the laboratory (soft closure). We find that endowment effectʺ is not observed in the soft closure treatment. The procedures in our experiment allow us to circumvent the critique of altered expectations. Our results call for a careful interpretation of experiments that suggest endowment effectʺ in laboratory conditions. Other implications pertain to external validity of experiments with hard closure. prospect-theory ; endowment effect ; reference-dependence ; loss aversion ; lab experiments ; field experiments ; external validity