The Long-Term Relationship Between De Jure and De Facto Judicial Independence

Please note that this is a revised version of the original working paper. In particular, we substantially extended the sample across countries and time. As a result of these changes, our findings changed considerably compared to the first version of the paper.We study the long-term and dynamic relationship between de jureand de factoj udicial independence using a large panel dataset covering up to 87 countries and as many as 61 years. In line with the prevailing theoretical view in the literature, our analysis shows a positive relationship between these variables. However, the magnitude of the relationship is quite small. The positive relationship between the two variables is primarily driven bynon-OECD countries