Winners and losers: fragmentation, trade and wages revisited

Our paper investigates the link between outsourcing and wages utilising a large household panel and combining it with industry level information on industries? outsourcing activities from input-output tables. By doing so we can arguably overcome the potential endogeneity bias as well as other shortcomings that affect industry level studies. We find that fragmentation has had a marked impact on wages. Distinguishing three skill categories we find evidence that outsourcing reduced the real wage for workers in the lowest skill categories; this result is robust to a number of different specifications and definitions of outsourcing. Furthermore we find some evidence that high-skilled workers experienced increased wages due to fragmentation.