To understand the socio-economic enrollment gap in university attendance, we elicit students’ beliefs about the … benefits of university education in a sample of 2,540 secondary school students. Our choice model estimates reveal that …. Students with low socio-economic status perceive pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns to be lower. Beliefs explain 48% of the …

-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

ideal for investigating this question. There, students are placed in exam schools based on a high-stakes national … large achievement gains and improved university placements for high achieving students. …

a higher share of female classmates on students' disruptive behavior, engagement, test scores, and major choices in … disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged schools. We exploit the random assignment of students to classrooms in early high school in … students that contains a large and diverse set of school qualities, and household incomes, and b) we measure disruption and …