This paper derives two simple artificial Double Length Regressions (DLR) to test for spatial dependence. The first DLR tests for spatial lag dependence while the second DLR tests for spatial error dependence. Both artificial regressions utilize only least squares residuals of the restricted...

This paper derives Lagrangian multiplier (LM) tests to jointly test for functional form and spatial error correlation. In particular, this paper tests for linear and log-linear models with no spatial error dependence against a more general Box-Cox model with spatial error correlation....