Generalizability theory provides an alternative and more flexible approach for construct measurement than classical measurement theory. The theory takes into account several sources of error. Generalizability studies lead to results that allow for designing measurements that optimize the...

The development of path-dependent processes basically refers to positive feedback in terms of increasing returns as the main driving forces of such processes. Furthermore, path dependence can be affected by context factors, such as different degrees of complexity. Up to now, it has been unclear...

1. Introduction -- 2. Nature and Relevance of Theories -- 3. Scientific Realism -- 4. Theory Building -- 5. Theory Testing -- 6. Data Collection: Operationalization, Measurement, and Sampling -- 7. Hypotheses and Models -- 8. Test of Causal Relationships -- 9. Generalization -- 10. Research Ethics