In 1999, the "Bologna Process" was initiated to improve higher education enrolment, study success and students …

abolished recently. Whereas other studies have shown no effect on enrollment, we analyze the effects on students’ budgets. To … total expenditure moderately by about 4 %. With regard to financial resources, students are more likely to receive support … from parents or take out a loan. …

studies have shown no effect on enrollment, we analyze the effects on students' budgets. To identify causal effects, we … exploited the natural experiment established by the introduction of fees. They did not affect students' spending behavior … students increased their budgets only marginally; fees did not increase social inequality. …

-year students moving long distances and was more pronounced in less densely populated locations. Housing costs - the largest … component of students' expenditures and an important location factor - have contributed to the slowdown in higher education …

The main goal of secondary school education in developed countries is to prepare students for higher education and the …