Topics: • Payments and monetary stability • Payments and the macroeconomy • Systemic risk in payments • The future of payments • Recent developments in market infrastructure • Recent developments in payment economics • The role of central banks in payments

In recent years, credit and debit card systems have been the focus of significant antitrust inquiries and actions. Card-based payment businesses in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America have been investigated for their methods of determining interchange fees, exclusivity arrangements,...

In financial markets, financial intermediaries act as agents of issuers and investors, and “gatekeepers.” This multiplicity of functions can lead to conflicts of interest. By performing its gatekeeping role well, for instance, a financial intermediary may have to forgo profitable investment...