Новата природа на международната специализация в динамично променящото се световно стопанство

Along with the dynamic transformations associated with the failure of multilateralism, the transformation of global demand patters and the return to protectionism, global trade is undergoing dynamic changes related to the fragmentation of the production process and the integration of emerging economies into global markets. These trends have an impact on both trade and production specialization and the demand for different types of skills, thus enabling greater profits to be made, but also posing new challenges for trade policy. Changes in specialization globally also contribute to increasing inequality, redirecting demand from one factor of production to another, leading to changes in relative wages between and in different categories of labor. The report briefly traces the main trends in trade and specialization, then analyzes the changing nature of international specialization and the relationship between trade policy, trade and specialization, and finally presents several scenarios for the development of trade and specialization until 2060.