New-classical paradigm public goods theory holds that non-exclusivity and non-competitiveness are the objective attributes of public goods. However, in reality, it is difficult to find a good which is strictly non-exclusive and non-competitive. Trading paradigm theory holds that the non-exclusivity and non-competitiveness of public goods derive from its collective decision-making and public provision. However, the theory does not give the decisive factors of collective decision-making and public provision. Starting from analyzing the use of goods, this paper discussed the non-exclusive and non-competitive characteristics of the goods in four assumed occasions based on different using methods and directions among users. It holds that non-exclusivity and non-competitiveness are neither the objective attribute of goods, nor the result of public decision-making and public supply, but come from a special use situation among users. On this basis, it analyzes the conditions of private voluntary provision and consumption when the goods are non-exclusive and non-competitive and analyzed the influence of the property rights system on the private supply and consumption and the spontaneous formation mechanism of property rights system when the goods are non-exclusive and non-competitive.
