New-classical paradigm public goods theory holds that the Non-excludability and Non-rivalry are the objective attributes of public goods. However, in reality, it is difficult to find a good which is strictly Non-excludability and Non-rivalry. Trading paradigm theory holds that the Non-excludability and Non-rivalry of public goods derive from its collective decision-making and public provision. However, the theory does not give the decisive factors of collective decision-making and public provision. Starting from analyzing the use of goods, this paper discussed the Non-excludability and Non-rivalry characteristics of the goods in four assumed occasions based on different using methods and directions among users. It holds that Non-excludability and Non-rivalry are neither the objective attribute of goods, nor the result of public decision-making and public supply, but come from a special use situation among users. On this basis, it analyzes the conditions of private voluntary provision and consumption when the goods are non-exclusive and non-competitive and it analyzes the influence of the property rights institutions on the private supply and consumption and the spontaneous mechanism of property rights institutions.
