65. Mixed electoral systems

Mixed electoral systems integrate both proportional representation (PR) and majoritarian components to allocate legislative seats. They employ single-member districts alongside multi-member districts, often allowing voters to cast votes in both systems. This hybrid approach allows some variants to balance the simplicity of majoritarian elections with the increased proportionality of PR. Variants include mixed parallel, compensatory, proportional, and combined systems, each with distinct rules for vote and seat connections. The complexity of these systems influences party strategies, voter behavior, and electoral outcomes, presenting unique challenges and opportunities for political representation, but also introducing some paradoxes.