A <i>VSA-SS</i> Approach to Healthcare Service Systems the Triple Target of Efficiency, Effectiveness and Sustainability

The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the new opportunities that the <i>Viable Systems Approach (VSA)</i> can provide for observing complex service systems and explaining social phenomena through general schemes of interpretation. At the same time, it explores methodological links with the <i>Service Science</i> (SS) approach in order to propose (<i>VSA</i>)'s contribution to moulding a unified vision of complex objects of analysis, and to evidence the many converging elements that emerge from the two perspectives as well as the benefits that derive from different interpretation schemes. In particular, in our paper we analyze healthcare service complexity in a relational perspective, using a VSA-SS conceptual framework to interpret the emergent systems instability in the Italian Health Service. The application of principles and concepts proper to the (<i>VSA</i>) and the SS approaches to articulated service structures, such as healthcare, identifies critical features and interesting new "therapeutic" prospects for healthcare service systems in order to guarantee their viability. The paper proposes an innovative methodological basis for evaluating the level of <i>appropriateness</i> of the healthcare service and, at the same time, evidences the need for achieving a balanced triple target of <i>efficiency</i>, <i>effectiveness</i> and <i>sustainability</i> (<i>EES</i>) in healthcare service systems governance. As a result, a new area of cross fertilization for collaborative research emerges. [<i>Service Science</i>, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]