A method of examining and evaluating the impact of major retail developments upon existing shops and their users

This paper presents a method of examining the impact of shop closures, brought on by intensified competition from large new retail developments, upon consumers. The method is illustrated by an analysis of the hypothetical effects of a hypermarket upon shops and consumers in the Reading area. Details of shop closures are derived from a simulation model, and the effects of these closures upon consumers are expressed through indices of 'discomfiture' and 'loss in accessibility'. It is shown that the loss in accessibility to local shops could be widespread, but in almost all parts of the area it is only slight in importance. Further applications of, and improvements in, these methods are suggested.