A Pedagogical Review of Programming Education Research: What Have We Learned

Previous research has shown that especially novice students may find learning programming to be difficult in terms of programming concepts and program design. Many students fail to write correct program codes after the course and achieve the level of skills set by the learning goals of the course. In order to overcome the challenges of learning programming, we are interested in the pedagogical techniques of learning and teaching programming as well as some of the learning tools used to support programming education. This knowledge would help us to better align the design of programming courses with the teaching goal of these courses. New research opportunities are opened in the field of contributing student pedagogy in programming education.