A review on sustainable power generation in Malaysia to 2030: Historical perspective, current assessment, and future strategies

This review focuses on energy for grid-connected electricity generation for West (Peninsular) Malaysia. A historical perspective of Malaysia′s energy policies and energy-related initiatives is first provided, which sets the scene for an assessment of current situation in the country. We recommend a number of sustainable options for addressing the projected energy deficits in Malaysia up to year 2030, besides meeting the drive for low carbon systems and technologies. The latter is in direct response to an announcement by the Prime Minister of Malaysia on a conditional voluntary target of 40% reduction in the emissions intensity per unit of GDP by 2020 from a 2005 baseline at the COP15 meeting in Copenhagen. Alternative strategies are suggested that promote enhanced roles for renewable energy (RE) as well as energy efficiency and conservation (EE&C) practices based on a review of past and present policies and current developments. A greater contribution of RE from biomass, biogas, hydroelectric power, and solar photovoltaic is proposed compared to the present less than 1%, in concert with continuous more widespread adoption of EE&C initiatives. Strategies are also advocated to improve coal supply reliability and security. On top of these measures, the Malaysian government is urged to moderate energy subsidies while enforcing a common energy regulatory framework that involve all relevant agencies and parties.