A Short History of the Theory of Numbers

The article treats some aspects of the history of the theory of algebraic numbers. The number theory is one of the oldest branches of mathematics which has its origins from second millennium BC, ancient documents dating from about 2000 BC being the Rhind papyrus and Golenischev papyrus, both of Egypt. Number theory is characterized by the simplicity of its fundamentals, its rigor and purity notions of its truths. One branch of number theory is the algebraic theory of numbers which, after Hilbert, is a wonderful monument of beauty and incomparable harmony.