A supply-chain optimization model of the allocation of containerized imports from Asia to the United States

This article proposes a mixed integer non-linear programming model for the optimizing supply chains of importers of waterborne containerized goods from Asia to the USA. This model determines the least-cost strategy for an importer, in terms of ports and landside transportation modes to be used, where costs considered include costs for transportation and handling, pipeline inventory, and safety-stock. We introduce a heuristic algorithm to quickly solve the mathematical model to near optimality. We assess the proposed heuristic compared to use of a commercial solver, and provide general recommendations for efficient supply-chain strategies as a function of the value of imported goods.