Altruism : Driven by Human Root Motivation to Be Number One among Acquaintances

Harming self in order to benefit others, altruism can be completely understandable. To strangers, it has two subtypes; one is large-sum altruism, which is to exchange for personal reputation, social status, political capital, etc; the other is small-sum altruism, which is to satisfy compassion only. To acquaintances, it also has two subtypes; one is reciprocal altruism, which is to get more returns in a short period of time; the other is nonreciprocal altruism, which is the focus of this paper. Due to nonreciprocity, it is true altruism; it emerges when a seriously sick (and penniless) acquaintance would starve to death; it evolves due directly to human motivation not to be bottom among acquaintances; it benefits all acquaintances as long as one of them mutates to be altruistic; it is of great significance to human growth; it leads into an altruistic mechanism which makes capable persons altruistic together to incapable ones